Utilization of biomass: Conversion of model compounds to hydrocarbons over zeolite H-ZSM-5

Mentzel, Uffe Vie; Holm, Martin Spangsberg

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2011.01.040

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The major oxygenated compounds in the pyrolysis oil (Table 2) were acids, phenolic compounds, ketones, esters, aldehydes, and a few others. It is important to state that the conversion of most of these oxygenated compounds to OLP over the HZSM-5 catalyst was an indication of its ability to remove oxygen through complex reactions, such as deoxygenation, cracking, cyclization, aromatization, isomerization and polymerization reactions (Adjaye and Bakhshi 1995a;Gong et al 2011;Mentzel and Holm 2011). The low yield of OLP (about 6 to 13 wt%) might be attributed to the high water content of the sample (30%) and the char formation (about 18 to 22 wt%).…”

Section: Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

2015

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An attempt was made to generate gasoline-range aromatics from pyrolysis oil derived from rubberwood. Catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis oil was conducted using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a dual reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and nitrogen flow rate were investigated to determine the yield of organic liquid product (OLP) and the percentage of gasoline aromatics in the OLP. The results showed that the maximum OLP yield was about 13.6 wt%, which was achieved at 511 C, a catalyst weight of 3.2 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. The maximum percentage of gasoline aromatics was about 27 wt%, which was obtained at 595 C, a catalyst weight of 5 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. Although the yield of gasoline aromatics was low, the expected components were detected in the OLP, including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These findings demonstrated that green gasoline aromatics can be produced from rubberwood pyrolysis oil via zeolite cracking. University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; * Corresponding author: sukritthira.b@psu.ac.th Keywords: Pyrolysis oil; Zeolite cracking; Organic liquid product (OLP); Green gasoline-range aromatics Contact information: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla INTRODUCTIONBiomass represents a potential alternative source of energy, which is an important complement to fossil fuels. As such, it attracted significant attention as a renewable source of energy after the global oil crisis of the 1970s (Demirbas 2007;Lucia 2008;Demirbas et al. 2009). In addition, biomass currently is considered to be the only sustainable source that can be used to produce energy-related products, including electricity, heat, and valuable chemicals such as resins, flavorings, and other materials (Huber et al. 2006;Dodds and Gross 2007).The first generation of biofuels were primarily bioethanol and biodiesel made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. To date, such biofuels have been widely produced across several countries and continents, notably Brazil, South America, Europe, and the United States (Charles et al. 2007;Mojoviä et al. 2009); however, they have been produced from food-grade biomass, which could lead to critical concerns related to food security (Gronowska et al. 2009). Therefore, it is very important to be able to produce biofuels from non-food resources such as ligno-cellulosic materials: wood chips, switch grasses and most importantly agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice straw.Pyrolysis oils derived from wood-based biomass are one of the most promising renewable fuels. They are environmentally-friendly candidates because they contain a low content of sulfur compared to fossil-derived oils (Czernik and Bridgwater 2004). Recently, extensive attention has been focused on the technology of fast pyrolysis rather than slow pyrolysis, as the former produces high yield of pyrolysis oil with low water content in a PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Saad et al. (2015). "Cr...

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Section: Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

2015

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“…The Olefins (ethylene, propylene and isobutene) and aromatics were primarily produced from acetone over the ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Isobutene was first produced from aldol condensation products of acetone [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], followed by production of propylene, ethylene and aromatics over the acid sites. These light olefins are intermediate chemicals in the series of reactions with aromatics and coke as terminal products.…”

Section: Olefins Synthesis From Acetone Over Zsm-5 Zeolites With Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, alternative production methods and/or processes for these light olefins have been required due to wild ups and downs in oil prices. One promising candidate route for producing light olefins is an alcohol-to-olefins reaction (methanol-to-olefins [1,2], ethanol-to-olefins [3,4] and methanol-biomass mixture-to-hydrocarbons including olefins [5,6]), and another is olefin synthesis from acetone over solid-acid catalysts, where olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutylene are obtained from aldol condensation products of acetone [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective synthesis for light olefins from acetone over ZSM-5 zeolites with nano- and macro-crystal sizes

Tago

Konno

Sakamoto

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis A: General

117

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Production of light olefins such as ethylene, propylene and isobutylene from acetone was examined over ZSM-5 zeolites. These light olefins are produced from acetone over the acid sites of the zeolite via a series of consecutive reactions where olefins such as ethylene and propylene are obtained by cracking of isobutylene produced from aldol condensation products of acetone. Macro-and nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by conventional hydrothermal and emulsion methods, respectively, and the ZSM-5 zeolites with nearly the same acidity and BET surface area were obtained regardless of the crystal sizes. From SEM observations, the crystal sizes of the zeolites were approximately 2000 nm and 30-40 nm.These zeolites with different crystal sizes were applied to light olefins synthesis from acetone, and the effect of crystal size on catalytic activity and stability was investigated. As compared with the macro-seized zeolite, the nano-sized zeolite exhibited a high activity over a long lifetime. However, because the nano-sized zeolite possesses a large external surface area, undesirable reactions to form aromatics from the produced light olefins occurred on the acid sites located near the external surface. To inhibit aromatics formation, selective deactivation of the acid sites located near the outer surface of the zeolite was achieved via the catalytic cracking of silane (CCS) method using diphenyl silane (DP-silane). The CCS method was effective in deactivating the acid sites located near the external surface of the ZSM-5 zeolite.Moreover, the nano-size zeolite after the CCS treatment using DP-silane exhibited high olefins and low aromatics yields under high acetone conversion conditions.

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“…Promising candidate routes for producing light olefins include catalytic cracking of naphtha [55][56][57][58] and oxygen-containing chemicals to olefins, such as methanol-to-olefins (MTO) [59,60], ethanol-to-olefins (ETO) [61][62][63][64], and acetone-to-olefins (ATO) [65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. In these olefin syntheses, the initial products consist mainly of lighter olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene.…”

Section: Catalytic Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Nano-Zeolites and Their Application to Light Olefin Synthesis

et al. 2012

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For the application of zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts, low diffusion resistance for hydrocarbons within the micropore is essential for improving product selectivity and catalyst lifetime. This problem has been overcome by reducing the crystal size. This review introduces size-controlled preparation of nano-sized zeolites via hydrothermal synthesis in water/surfactant/organic solvent (emulsion method) and their application to heterogeneous catalysts. The ionicity of the hydrophilic group in surfactant molecules and the concentration of the Si source affected the crystallinity and morphology of zeolites prepared using the emulsion method. When using a non-ionic surfactant, mono-dispersed silicalite-1 nanocrystals approximately 60 nm in diameter were successfully prepared. Nano-and macro-ZSM-5 zeolites with crystal sizes of approximately 150-200 nm and 1.5 µm, respectively, were prepared and applied to n-hexane cracking and acetone-to-olefin reactions to investigate the effect of zeolite crystal size on catalytic stability and light olefin yield. Application of nano-zeolite to light olefin production was effective in achieving faster mass transfer of hydrocarbon molecules within the micropore, which led to improvements in olefin yields and catalyst lifetime.

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Utilization of biomass: Conversion of model compounds to hydrocarbons over zeolite H-ZSM-5

Cited by 71 publications

References 49 publications

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Selective synthesis for light olefins from acetone over ZSM-5 zeolites with nano- and macro-crystal sizes

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Nano-Zeolites and Their Application to Light Olefin Synthesis

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