The monodisperse and water-soluble YVO 4 :Eu nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform size and shape were synthesized by a facile and environmentally friendly co-precipitation at room temperature with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as surfactant and water as solvent. The morphology of the obtained YVO 4 :Eu NPs is sphere-like with a diameter of about 38 nm. Intense red emission from NPs is achieved under ultraviolet (UV) excitation. The intense red emission could be selectively quenched by Cu 2 + ions with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.57 mM in aqueous solution. The emission quenched by Cu 2 + ions would be recovered when adding ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), due to the strong interaction between Cu 2 + ions and EDTA. These results indicate that the NPs would be a potential sensor for detecting Cu 2 + ions in aqueous solution.The detection of heavy transition metal ions such as Zn 2 + , Ag + , Cu 2 + and Hg 2 + is of great necessity due to the fact that these transition metal ions are closely related to our health and life. In particular, Cu 2 + ion, as an essential trace element, plays an important role in the process of human metabolism, and deficiency of Cu 2 + ion hinders human health and development. On the other hand, excessive intake of Cu 2 + ion will lead to poisoning, and some diseases may subsequently occur. Furthermore, copper is one of the main pollutants in water, soil and environment. Given these concerns, many methods have been developed to detect Cu 2 + ions, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum. [1] These methods are accurate but complex and expensive. Thus, Cu 2 + ion detection based on fluorescent materials, [2][3][4][5][6] including organic dye, semiconductor NPs and rare earth (RE)-based NPs, is developed, which features low cost and visualization. However, these fluorescent materials have drawbacks, such as photobleaching, poor water-solubility and broad fluorescence band, which would inevitably result in poor selectivity, sensitivity and repeatability for Cu 2 + ion detection. Therefore, it is very necessary to synthesize highly water-soluble NPs with excellent fluorescence properties as selective and sensitive Cu 2 + sensors.RE-doped vanadates, especially RE-doped yttrium vanadate, such as YVO 4 :Eu, has been a hot research topic recently due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. [7][8][9] YVO 4 :Eu is often used as lighting, display and laser materials. [10][11][12] Currently, many groups have tried to use YVO 4 :Eu as fluorescence probe. [13][14][15] Our group obtained RE-doped Y(Gd)VO 4 NPs using microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at 180 8C for potential bioimaging and Sanchez et al. developed efficient and selective sensors based on YVO 4 :Eu NPs for detecting H 2 O 2 . [13,14] As is known, the fluorescence efficiency of NPs is closely related to their synthesis. There are many methods for synthesizing YVO 4 :Eu with various sizes and shapes, [16] such as hydrothermal synthesis,...