Utilization and impacts of hydrogen in the ironmaking processes: A review from lab-scale basics to industrial practices

Ma, Kaihui; Deng, J.; Wang, Gang; Zhou, Qi Tony; Xu, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.095

Cited by 63 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…The major challenge while using Hydrogen based DRI process as discussed by Ma et al [53] is that the source of carbon content in the reduced iron gets cut by the use of H2. Also, the endothermic behavior of the hydrogen while reacting to iron oxide needs a high temperature which limits the utilization of hydrogen at the purest level [53].…”

Section: Current Research On Hydrogen Based Steel Production (H2-dri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and prospects of steel production using green hydrogen in Nepal

Mahat,

Jibran,

Sharma

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Steel is one of the most significant commodities for global development thus the production of steel cannot be condensed, however, steel making process can be transformed with a low-carbon fuel. The steel industry is a highly energy-intensive sector that alone is responsible for utilizing 8 % of global energy demand and accounts for 9% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Sustainable development goals-2030 (SDG), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Paris agreement have directed to take necessary measures to confine global temperature rise to below 2°C till 2050. Green hydrogen is the most prominent energy carrier and with the help of renewable hydroelectricity to produce it, Nepal has the potential to be the cheapest producer and exporter of green hydrogen. Billet worth 865 USD was imported in 2020 to fulfil the annual steel demand of 1.2-1.4 million tons. Nepal has explored iron reserves (hematite) with a total Fe recovery potential of 70% which is sufficient to fulfil the steel demand of 50-100 years at Dhaubadi, Nawalparasi, and has prevailing iron reserves in other parts of Nepal. The history of steel production in Nepal has been studied and the reasons for the discontinuation have been analyzed. Secondary data from the literature and archival data have been used as methods to conduct the research. The status of energy demand and supply in Nepal and the energy management issues in Nepal during the wet season have been identified as opportunities to establish green hydrogen production in Nepal. The urgency to establish the steel industry and the need for compliance with climate change agreements are the motivation for the adoption of a green steel production process for Nepal. This paper reviews the current status and opportunities of the steel industry in Nepal using green hydrogen and proposes the future prospects and challenges that come along.

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Section: Current Research On Hydrogen Based Steel Production (H2-dri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and prospects of steel production using green hydrogen in Nepal

Mahat,

Jibran,

Sharma

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…As an emission-free substance, hydrogen does not pollute the environment when released into the air, and is found in compounds such as water, natural gas, a mixture of hydrocarbons, and methanol. Hydrogen is an energy-rich fuel capable of storing up to 33 kWh/kg and is considered the most promising clean energy of the 21st century due to its high calorific value, good thermal conductivity, and rapid reaction speed, making it highly suitable for application in iron and steel production [10,11]. Unlike natural gas or oil, hydrogen must be produced through energy-intensive processes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

Miškovičová,

Legemza,

Demeter

et al. 2024

Metals

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This paper focuses on the study of current knowledge regarding the use of hydrogen as a reducing agent in the metallurgical processes of iron and steel production. This focus is driven by the need to introduce environmentally suitable energy sources and reducing agents in this sector. This theoretical study primarily examines laboratory research on the reduction of Fe-based, metal-bearing materials. The article presents a critical analysis of the reduction in iron oxides using hydrogen, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Most experimental facilities worldwide employ their unique original methodologies, with techniques based on Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) devices, fluidized beds, and reduction retorts being the most common. The analysis indicates that the mineralogical composition of the Fe ores used plays a crucial role in hydrogen reduction. Temperatures during hydrogen reduction typically range from 500 to 900 °C. The reaction rate and degree of reduction increase with higher temperatures, with the transformation of wüstite to iron being the slowest step. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that reduction of iron ore with hydrogen occurs more intensively and quickly than with carbon monoxide (CO) or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) mixture in the temperature range of 500 °C to 900 °C. The study establishes that hydrogen is a superior reducing agent for iron oxides, offering rapid reduction kinetics and a higher degree of reduction compared to traditional carbon-based methods across a broad temperature range. These findings underscore hydrogen’s potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the steel production industry, supporting a shift towards more sustainable manufacturing practices. However, the implementation of hydrogen as a primary reducing agent in industrial settings is constrained by current technological limitations and the need for substantial infrastructural developments to support large-scale hydrogen production and utilization.

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“…In terms of the kinetics of iron ore reduction, several factors affect the process, including, but not limited to, temperature, pressure, gas composition, grain size, porosity, mineralogy, and gangue [10][11][12]. Heidari et al [10,13,14] discussed several factors influencing the reduction of iron oxides, such as high temperatures accelerating the reduction process and the possibility of reducing iron ore at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

Alikulov,

Aminov,

Anh

et al. 2024

Energies

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Decarbonizing the current steel and power sectors through the development of the hydrogen direct-reduction iron ore–electric arc furnace route and the 100% hydrogen-fired gas turbine cycle is crucial. The current study focuses on three clusters of research works. The first cluster covers the investigation of the mass and energy balance of the route and the subsequent application of these values in experiments to optimize the reduction yield of iron ore. In the second cluster, the existing gas turbine unit was selected for the complete replacement of natural gas with hydrogen and for finding the most optimal mass and energy balance in the cycle through an Aspen HYSYS model. In addition, the chemical kinetics in the hydrogen combustion process were simulated using Ansys Chemkin Pro to research the emissions. In the last cluster, a comparative economic analysis was conducted to identify the levelized cost of production of the route and the levelized cost of electricity of the cycle. The findings in the economic analysis provided good insight into the details of the capital and operational expenditures of each industrial sector in understanding the impact of each kg of hydrogen consumed in the plants. These findings provide a good basis for future research on reducing the cost of hydrogen-based steel and power sectors. Moreover, the outcomes of this study can also assist ongoing, large-scale hydrogen and ammonia projects in Uzbekistan in terms of designing novel hydrogen-based industries with cost-effective solutions.

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Utilization and impacts of hydrogen in the ironmaking processes: A review from lab-scale basics to industrial practices

Cited by 63 publications

References 203 publications

Challenges and prospects of steel production using green hydrogen in Nepal

Challenges and prospects of steel production using green hydrogen in Nepal

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

Comparative Technical and Economic Analyses of Hydrogen-Based Steel and Power Sectors

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