Utilization and expenditure at public and private facilities in 39 low‐income countries

Saksena, Priyanka; Xu, Kun; Elovainio, Riku; Perrot, Jean

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02894.x

Cited by 89 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, we found in the decile analysis, that the decile representing the wealthier families is the one who spends more money on private health insurance, which is an exclusive benefit of the higher deciles to 3rd. This data agree with the OMS meta-analysis, which reported that the wealthier quintile spends more money on private health services than quintile 1 (Saksena et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Accordingly, in a meta-analysis from 39 low and middle income countries, expenditure on medicines represents the major component (57%) of the out-of-pocket spending as well (Saksena et al, 2012). Furthermore, we found in the decile analysis, that the decile representing the wealthier families is the one who spends more money on private health insurance, which is an exclusive benefit of the higher deciles to 3rd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population

Ortíz-Prado¹,

Ponce²,

Cornejo-Leon³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between access to health systems and out-of-pocket spending with socio demographic characteristics in Ecuador. Methods:Retrospective analysis of national level data on household medical expenditure from the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure in Urban and Rural Houses conducted by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census Databases as well as other scientific, institutional, technical-administrative datasets.Results: Families in the lowest percentile of poverty spend proportionally more out-of-pocket on pharmaceutical drugs than wealthier families. Furthermore, the lowest income deciles have no access to private health coverage. Populations from the bigger cities have more access to health care services than smaller rural cities. In Ecuador, 71% of pharmaceutical products are imported and 8% of the total of drugs are generic. Conclusions:Despite efforts by the current government, health access remains uneven, as indicated by drug access and out-of-pocket expenses per family. Poorer families have higher relative health expenditures for drugs than families with higher incomes, although poorer families have no access to private insurances.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population

Ortíz-Prado¹,

Ponce²,

Cornejo-Leon³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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“…20 Unqualified practitioner do not charge visiting fees, and they are abundant in rural communities, minimizing transportation costs and wage loss. [21][22][23] However, since they often run their own drug shops, they may prescribe a greater quantity of drugs compared with qualified health-care practitioners, [24][25][26] increasing overall cost per episode of illness, suggested by analysis of medicine costs in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidences and Costs of Illness for Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections for Children < 5 Years of Age in Rural Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Understanding illness costs associated with diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI) could guide prevention and treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine incidence of childhood diarrhea and ARI and costs of homecare, hospitalization, and outpatient treatment by practitioner type in rural Bangladesh. From each of 100 randomly selected population clusters we sampled 17 households with at least one child < 5 years of age. Childhood diarrhea incidence was 3,451 and ARI incidence was 5,849/1,000 child-years. For diarrhea and ARI outpatient care per 1,000 child-years, parents spent more on unqualified ($2,361 and $4,822) than qualified health-care practitioners ($113 and $947). For outpatient care, visits to unqualified health-care practitioners were at least five times more common than visits to qualified practitioners. Costs for outpatient care treatment by unqualified healthcare practitioners per episode of illness were similar to those for qualified health-care practitioners. Homecare costs were similar for diarrhea and ARI ($0.16 and $0.24) as were similar hospitalization costs per episode of diarrhea and ARI ($35.40 and $37.76). On average, rural Bangladeshi households with children < 5 years of age spent 1.3% ($12 of $915) of their annual income managing diarrhea and ARI for those children. The majority of childhood illness management cost comprised visits to unqualified health-care practitioners. Policy makers should consider strategies to increase the skills of unqualified health-care practitioners, use community health workers to provide referral, and promote homecare for diarrhea and ARI. Incentives to motivate existing qualified physicians who are interested to work in rural Bangladesh could also be considered.

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“…[15] Similar findings were also reported by the data from 2007 survey of the California Health Foundation. [16,17] This could be most probably ascribed to the lower dental service utilization among the occupiers of the developing countries due to the accessibility barriers and lack of consciousness among the people. [18] The assessment of expenditure on individual components highlighted the fact that the highest mean monthly expenditure was on the medical and dental consultation/treatment followed by the expenditure on the medications.…”

Section: World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Out of Pocket Medical and Dental Expenses Among Residents of Patna, Bihar; A Crossectional Questionnaire Study.

Nazeer¹

2017

WJPPS

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Utilization and expenditure at public and private facilities in 39 low‐income countries

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population

Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population

Incidences and Costs of Illness for Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections for Children < 5 Years of Age in Rural Bangladesh

Household Out of Pocket Medical and Dental Expenses Among Residents of Patna, Bihar; A Crossectional Questionnaire Study.

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