Utilization and degradation of lindane by soil microorganisms

Abstract

Of 147 microorganisms isolated from a loamy sand, 71 showed good growth with lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and produced chloride in an aqueous medium. Thirteen soil microorganisms were selected to study the utilization of lindane. Lindane was metabolized by the microbes to gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-PCCH), alpha-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (alpha-TCCH), beta3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (beta-TCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Cells of Pseudomonas sp. No. 62 grown on lindane simultaneously adapted to gamma-PCCH, alpha-TCCH, beta-TCCH, gamma-TCCH, PCB, 1,2,3,4,-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The bacteria degraded each of these chemicals at least partially as indicated by an increased rate of oxygen consumption.

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

“…Also, there is evidence that several bacteria and fungi isolated from soil could convert y-HCH to y-2, 3,4,5,4,5,, and pentachlorobenzene (PCB) (Tu 1976). One of the cultures, Pseudomonas sp.…”

Metabolism of &gamma;-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites

“…This study indicates that some g-HCH metabolites produced by A. citreus BI-100 identified are quite different from those produced from g-HCH by any other single microorganism reported in the literature (Benezet and Matsumura, 1973;Francis et al, 1975;Matsumura et al, 1976;Nagata et al, 1993;Tu, 1976;Yule et al, 1967). The spent culture of g-HCH at 72 h showed an absence of the pesticide or its metabolites in the GC profile, suggesting complete mineralization.…”

“…No. 62 (Tu, 1976) result in g-PCCH as the first product of metabolism, whereas in Pseudomonas putida (Matsumura et al, 1976), two patterns of g-HCH degradation were observed, one being the dehydrochlorination pathway in which g-PCCH is formed. On the contrary, an anaerobic degrader such as Clostridium sp.…”

“…It was detected within 1 h of growth of the strain BI-100 on g-HCH in mineral salts medium. g-PCCH was reported to be the first product of g-HCH metabolism in many microorganisms (Benezet and Matsumura, 1973;Engst et al, 1974;Imai et al, 1989;Matsumura et al, 1976;Sahu et al, 1990;Sweeney, 1969;Tu, 1976). Aerobic degradation of g-HCH by Pseudomonas paucimobilis, renamed as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Imai et al, 1989), and a strain of Pseudomonas sp.…”

“…The pathways of degradation of g-HCH by these bacteria have also been worked out (Heritage and MacRae, 1977a, b;Jagnow et al, 1977;Ohisa et al, 1980Ohisa et al, , 1982. In contrast, reports on the degradation of g-HCH by aerobic bacteria are limited Metabolism of g g-hexachlorocyclohexane by Arthrobacter citreus strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites (Imai et al, 1989;Matsumura et al, 1976;Sahu et al, 1990;Tu, 1976). In a previous study, four strains of bacteria were isolated from soil by an enrichment technique in our laboratory, using g-HCH as the sole source of carbon (Datta et al, 1998).…”