Utilização da técnica de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão em energia (EDXRF) na avaliação do material particulado em suspensão na cidade de Limeira - SP

Abstract

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Air Pollution in the Brazilian Road Transport and Its Environmental and Social Consequences

“…It uses the interaction between X-rays and the matter, and relies on the evaluation of intensity of the characteristic Xrays (number of X-rays detected per time unit) emitted by the elements of a properly excited sample. It is a non-destructive and rapid analysis, one of the most powerful and flexible techniques available for the analysis and characterization of materials, that have been developed during the last decades due to technological and digital advances [54]- [56].…”

“…It can detect concentrations from 100% to some ppm, reaching sub-ppm concentrations. Detection limits dependent on the element and the sample matrix, but as a general rule, with heavier elements, better detection limits can be achieved [54]- [56].…”

“…At the wavelength dispersion, the characteristic X-rays are selected by a crystal analyzer, according to their wavelengths, obeying the Bragg diffraction law. For the energy dispersion method, X-rays are selected through electronic pulses produced in a suitable detector, where the amplitudes of these pulses are directly proportional to the X-rays energies [54]- [56]. In this study, an energy dispersion spectrometer from Shimadzu was used.…”