Utility of transesophageal atrial pacing in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with unexplained syncope associated or not with palpitations

Cardiac nodal and cardiac autonomic functions in children with vasovagal syncope

“…Brembilla-Perrot et al 11 included in this study the patients without a documented arrhythmia and with a normal ECG, but suffering from palpitation. Moreover, the ages of patients in this study ranged between 16 years and 87 years.…”

“…D y s f u n c t i o n o f s i n o a t r i a l n o d e a n d atrioventricular node is another rare cause of syncope 3 . These clinical conditions can be determined by the evaluation of cardiac nodal functions with transesophageal electrophysiologic studies (TEEPS) 11,12 . There is no study that evaluated cardiac nodal function in pediatric cases suffering from vasovagal syncope.…”

Implantable loop recorder in unexplained syncope: classification, mechanism, transient loss of consciousness and role of major depressive disorder in patients with and without structural heart disease

“…Syncope and presyncope with palpitations were considered specific. In contrast, presyncope alone was considered non-specific 7 8. In particular, based on the results of the ISSUE study the mechanism of syncope was classified as uncertain mechanism, neurally mediated and primary cardiac arrhythmia 5 9 – 11.…”

Device and methods for performing transesophageal stimulation at reduced pacing current threshold

“…As the inducibility and causative mechanisms of arrhythmias induced by TAS have shown an excellent correlation with findings in a subsequent invasive electrophysiological study, it has become a simple, predictive, and inexpensive method of testing the antiarrhythmic/arrhythmogenic properties of drugs used for sudden cardiac death risk stratification and prediction of antiarrhythmic drug treatment benefits and drawbacks in various heart diseases [ 6,7 ]. Numerous reports have confirmed that TAS is a rapid, safe and effective means for evaluating and terminating SV arrhythmias in the pediatric population including infants [ 8,9 ], as well as for localization of ventricular preexcitation sites before ablation procedures [ 10 ].…”