Utility of the W´_BAL model in training programme design for masters cyclists

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the utility of integrating balance model (W´B AL-INT ) in designing interval training programmes as assessed by improvements in power output, critical power (CP), and W prime (W´) defined as the finite work capacity above CP. Fourteen male cyclists (age = 42 ± 7 yr, body mass = 69.6 ± 6.5 kg, height = 175 ± 5 cm, CP = 302 ± 32 W, relative CP = 4.35 ± 0.66 W•kg −1 ) were randomized into two training groups: Short-Medium-Long intervals (SML-INT; n = 7) or Long intervals (L-INT, n = 7) [training sessions separated by 72 h], along with 3-4 sessions of moderate intensity training per week, for 4 weeks. All sessions were designed to result in the complete depletion of the W´as gauged by the W´B AL-INT . CP and Wẃere assessed using the specified efforts (i.e. 12, 7 and 3 min) and calculated with the 2parameter CP linear model. Training loads between the groups were compared using different metrics. CP improved in both the SML-INT and L-INT groups by 5 ± 4% and 6 ± 5% (p < 0.001) respectively, without significant changes in W´. Mean maximal power over 3, 7 and 12 min increased significantly in the SML-INT group by 5%, 4% and 9%, (p < 0.05) without significant changes in the L-INT group. There were no differences between groups in training zone distribution or training load using BikeScore and relative intensity, but there was significantly (p < 0.05) higher TRIMPS for the Long-INT group. Therefore, W´B AL model may prove to be a useful tool for coaches to construct SML-INT training programmes. Highlights. CP significantly improved with both training models during the present intervention and in power output in some of the time to exhaustion (TTE) trials, despite a difference in training load between the groups as assessed by TRIMPS. . We recommend designing endurance training sessions based on the use of the W´BAL-INT model.. The structured interval model can be an easy and standardized way for cyclists and coaches to monitor their potential for flat and mid-mountain stages.

Variability in exercise tolerance and physiological responses to exercise prescribed relative to physiological thresholds and to maximum oxygen uptake

“…In the present study, the W′ BAL‐INT model was used retrospectively (Figure 7 ). However, this model can be used to design and prescribe HIIT sessions (Galán‐Rioja et al., 2022 ), for example, designing and prescribing sessions for each individual that target a given W′ depletion at the end of bout 1 or at the end of the final bout. Despite not doing so in the present study, 5 × 3 min at 110% CP was effective in creating a more homogeneous exercise stimulus than that of HIIT TRAD .…”

Effect of varying recovery intensities on power outputs during severe intensity intervals in trained cyclists during the Covid-19 pandemic

“…Severe intensity interval training sessions individualised to account for differing rates of W′ reconstitution using the W′ bal model have been shown to increase CP in trained athletes [ 15 ]. The rate of W′ reconstitution is dependent upon the time constant ( τ ) which can be estimated using Eq.…”

Power-duration relationship comparison in competition sprint cyclists from 1-s to 20-min. Sprint performance is more than just peak power

“…Using a power meter, this concept has been applied to cycling, called the anaerobic power reserve (APR) [31]. Similarly, the critical power (CP) model has been used to model performance over short, medium and long durations reflecting exercise domains (heavy, severe, extreme) [32][33][34]. An advantage of this model is it allows the determination of a critical power for durations between 2-15 minutes [35], and also an estimate of finite high intensity energy referred to as W' and measured in kilojoules [32].…”