Utility of Induced Sputum in Assessing Bacterial Etiology for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children

Green, Amanda; Cockroft, Jody L.; Kaufman, Robert A.; McCullers, Jonathan A.; Arnold, Sandra R.

doi:10.1093/jpids/piac014

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This study was intentionally designed to focus on ICD10 codes as a determinant of PD. Blood and respiratory cultures are not routinely performed in children with suspected pneumonia or PD and provide limited information concerning a causative pathogen [32,33]. This study did not evaluate S. pneumoniae serotypes or vaccination status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015-2020

Mohanty,

Cossrow,

White

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Despite effective pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcal disease (PD) exerts a substantial burden on children. This study explored the clinical and economic burden of invasive PD (IPD), non-invasive all-cause pneumonia (ACP), and acute otitis media (AOM) in hospitalized children, including those with antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods Data from the BD Insights Research Database of hospitalized children (<18 years) in the US were analyzed retrospectively. The study cohort included patients with an ICD10 code for IPD, ACP, or AOM and/or a positive culture for S. pneumoniae. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses evaluated the following outcomes: length of stay [LOS], hospital cost per admission, hospital margin per admission [costs – payments], and in-hospital mortality. Results The study included 4575 pediatric patients with IPD, ACP, or AOM admitted to 57 US hospitals from October 2015 to February 2020. Approximately half (50.7%) were under 2 years of age. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.6% (n=28). The observed median (interquartile range) LOS was 4 (3, 5) days, cost per admission was $4,240 ($2,434, $8,311) US dollars, and hospital margin per admission was -$63 (‑$2,118, $2,025). Forty-one patients had S. pneumoniae-positive cultures and 56.1% of those cultures were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic class. Key variables associated with poor outcomes were having a moderate- or high-risk condition (chronic or immunocompromising), intensive care unit admission, and prior 90-day admission. Conclusions IPD, ACP, and AOM are associated with substantial clinical and economic burden in hospitalized pediatric patients in the US. S. pneumoniae isolates also showed high rates of resistance to antibiotics. Our data indicate the need for ongoing prevention efforts including vaccination and antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015-2020

Mohanty,

Cossrow,

White

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Many approaches to differentiate viral and bacterial CAP have been studied without definitive conclusions (consolidation on chest radiograph, inflammatory markers, induced sputum, etc.) [4][5][6]. Viruses (>70%) are by far the most common identified pathogen in hospitalized children with CAP, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4%) [7].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in children: an update on antibiotic duration and immunization strategies

Lyon,

Olarte

2024

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review This review is structured to update clinicians on the epidemiology, antibiotic treatment, and prevention of pediatric bacterial pneumonia. The review provides information regarding the current research on antibiotic management for bacterial pneumonia and the newest immunization recommendations to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Recent findings The recommended length of antibiotic therapy for bacterial pneumonia has been discrepant between low-income and high-income countries. Recently, randomized controlled trials conducted in high-income countries provided evidence to support a short antibiotic course (3–5 days) for uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia in otherwise healthy children. The negative impact of inaccurate penicillin allergy labels in children with pneumonia has emphasized the importance of prompt allergy de-labeling. Newer pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for children and are expected to have a significant impact on bacterial pneumonia rates. Summary Pediatric bacterial pneumonia is an important contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. A short antibiotic course seems to be sufficient for the outpatient management of uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia; however, more studies are required in the inpatient setting. Future studies will inform the impact of recently introduced pneumococcal and respiratory syncytial virus vaccines on the epidemiology of bacterial pneumonia.

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“…10 This disease is also associated with prolonged hospitalisation that correlates with increasing costs and risks of healthcareassociated infections, further compounded by the bleak prognosis, with a mortality rate of over 50%. [11][12][13] The urgent need for new therapy options led researchers to discover new forms of therapy against S. aureus pneumonia. LysGH15, one of the lytic enzymes (lysins) produced by the GH15 bacteriophage, is proven both in vitro and in vivo to lyse S. aureus in a specific and immediate fashion in low concentrations.…”

Section: Continuing Pharmacist Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Bacteriophage Lysin LYSGH15 and Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Apigenin for Treating Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Children

Habiburrahman¹,

Sutopo²,

Lestari³

2023

Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

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Pneumonia is one of the devastating diseases that affect children under five and can result in high incidence and significant mortality rates. A substantial subset of these cases is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacteria that can cause severe complications and even death. Additionally, antibiotic resistance complicates this problem further. In order to combat this issue, combining flavonoids and bacteriophage products may be a critical solution in decreasing morbidity and mortality rates of pneumonia. Apigenin, extracted from celery (Apium graveolens L.), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Combined with bacteriophage lysin, it can work synergistically against infections and inflammation without being easily resisted by bacteria. This literature review focuses on the use of apigenin and phage lysin, LysGH15, as a treatment for children’s pneumonia, sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed, using several combined keywords such as “new treatment”, “children pneumonia”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “new antibacterial”, and “therapy”. Combination therapy shows potential as a new treatment candidate for children’s pneumonia. Pneumonia dikenal sebagai salah satu penyakit paling mematikan pada anak di bawah 5 tahun, dengan insiden 156.000.000 kasus per tahun, dan angka kematian yang signifikan. Salah satu penyebab penting penyakit ini adalah bakteri Gram-positif Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yang sering menyebabkan komplikasi dan kematian. Peningkatan resistensi S. aureus terhadap antibiotik juga memperumit kondisi ini. Kombinasi perawatan yang berasal dari produk flavonoid dan bakteriofag mungkin dapat menjadi kunci untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Apigenin adalah salah satu jenis flavonoid yang dapat diekstrak dari seledri (Apium graveolans L.). Bersama dengan lisin dari bakteriofag, kedua komponen ini bekerja secara sinergis dalam kasus infeksi dan peradangan, dengan keunggulan berupa tidak mudah mengalami resistensi oleh bakteri. Tinjauan literatur berasal dari Google Scholar dan PubMed menggunakan beberapa kata kunci: “pengobatan baru”, “pneumonia anak”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “antibakteri baru”, dan “terapi” berfokus pada penggunaan apigenin dan lisin bakteriofag, LysGH15, sebagai pengobatan untuk pneumonia anak. Terapi kombinasi ini diharapkan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan pneumonia anak.

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Utility of Induced Sputum in Assessing Bacterial Etiology for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015-2020

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015-2020

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in children: an update on antibiotic duration and immunization strategies

Combining Bacteriophage Lysin LYSGH15 and Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Apigenin for Treating Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Children

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