Utility of Ct values in differentiating COVID-19 reinfection versus prolonged viral shedding in an immunocompromised patient

Julian, Katherine; Shah, Neal; Banjade, Rashmi; Bhatt, Dhirisha

doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-243692

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Other parameters could be useful for the identification reinfections, such as variation in symptoms and Ct-values between first and second infections. The latter was proposed by other studies showing a significant difference in Ct-values between paired samples ( Ringlander et al., 2021 ) and supporting its use as marker to differentiate reinfections from persistence ( Julian et al., 2021 ). Nevertheless, our results show no significant variation in either symptoms or Ct-values and cannot support their use as markers of reinfections, even because Ct-values depends on external factors such as the time elapsed since the onset of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections at regular intervals in Ecuador

Guevara

Prado-Vivar

Márquez

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is defined as a new infection with a different virus variant in an individual who has already recovered from a previous episode of COVID-19. The first case of reinfection in the world was described in August 2020, since then, reinfections have increased over time and their incidence has fluctuated with specific SARS-CoV-2 variant waves. Initially, reinfections were estimated to represent less than 1% of total COVID-19 infections. With the advent of the Omicron variant, reinfections became more frequent, representing up to 10% of cases (based on data from developed countries). The frequency of reinfections in Latin America has been scarcely reported. The current study shows that in Ecuador, the frequency of reinfections has increased 10-fold following the introduction of Omicron, after 22 months of surveillance in a single center of COVID-19 diagnostics. Suspected reinfections were identified retrospectively from a database of RT-qPCR-positive patients. Cases were confirmed by sequencing viral genomes from the first and second infections using the ONT MinION platform. Monthly surveillance showed that the main incidence peaks of reinfections were reached within four to five months, coinciding with the increase of COVID-19 cases in the country, suggesting that the emergence of reinfections is related to higher exposure to the virus during outbreaks. This study performed the longest monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, showing an occurrence at regular intervals of 4-5 months and confirming a greater propensity of Omicron to cause reinfections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections at regular intervals in Ecuador

Guevara

Prado-Vivar

Márquez

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Mathematical models are considered important tools that can be used for better understanding the in-host dynamics of human viral co-infections under the impact of the immune response. Cases of HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection were recorded [6,[13][14][15]. A mathematical model for HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection was developed and analyzed [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhu et al [12] reported that 94.2% of individuals infected with COVID-19 were also co-infected with many other types of micro-organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Co-infections with HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 were reported [6,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Dynamics of an HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection Model with Diffusion

et al. 2023

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel respiratory virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild to severe illness. It was observed that disease progression in COVID-19 patients depends on their immune response, especially in elderly patients whose immune system suppression may put them at increased risk of infection. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) attacks the CD4+ T cells (T cells) of the immune system and leads to immune dysfunction. Co-infection with HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in recent studies. Modeling HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection can be a helpful tool to understand the in-host co-dynamics of these viruses. The aim of this study was to construct a model that characterizes the in-host dynamics of HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. By considering the mobility of the viruses and cells, the model is represented by a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). The system contains two independent variables, time t and position x, and seven dependent variables for representing the densities of healthy epithelial cells (ECs), latent SARS-CoV-2-infected ECs, active SARS-CoV-2-infected ECs, SARS-CoV-2, healthy T cells, latent HTLV-I-infected T cells and active HTLV-I-infected T cells. We first studied the fundamental properties of the solutions of the system, then deduced all steady states and proved their global properties. We examined the global stability of the steady states by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions. The analytical results were illustrated by performing numerical simulations. We discussed the effect of HTLV-I infection on COVID-19 progression. The results suggest that patients with HTLV-I have a weakened immune response; consequently, their risk of COVID-19 infection may be increased.

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Antineoplastics

2021

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Utility of Ct values in differentiating COVID-19 reinfection versus prolonged viral shedding in an immunocompromised patient

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections at regular intervals in Ecuador

Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections at regular intervals in Ecuador

Global Dynamics of an HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection Model with Diffusion

Antineoplastics

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