Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules

Zhang, Bo; Jiang, Yuxin; Liu, Ji‐Bin; Meng, Yang; Dai, Qi; Zhu, Qingli; Gao, Pin

doi:10.1089/thy.2009.0045

Cited by 146 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to our data, the most reliable symptom of benignity was the rim-like enhancement presenting 94% sensitivity, 61% specificity, and 77% accuracy. In accordance with our results, also in studies by Zhang et al (2010), Cantisani et al (2013) and Ma et al (2014) rim-like enhancement is specific to benign nodules. Results yielded by Zhang et al (2010) showed 94.1% specificity, 83.0% sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The results are ambiguous and sometimes contradictory. The diagnostic value of CEUS has been analysed in only very few studies (Ferrari et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2010;Nemec et al, 2012;Cantisani et al, 2013;Giusti et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2014), yielding variable results; the sensitivity varies between 68-100% and specificity -between 67-594%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules

Prieditis

Radziņa

Štrumfa

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules

Prieditis

Radziņa

Štrumfa

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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“…Enhancement features of lesion on CEUS included: i) Margin enhancement, defined as clear or unclear based on the clarity of the margin between the lesion and peripheral tissue; ii) shape enhancement, classified as regular or irregular based on the shapes observed following contrast agent injection; iii) area enhancement, defined as <50 or ≥50% based on the area of the enhancement part/the lesion section at the peak enhancement; iv) enhancement degree, characterized as low, equal or high intensity when compared with the surrounding thyroid parenchyma; and v) type of enhancement, including homogeneous (relative homogeneous diffuse enhancement in lesions), heterogeneous (diffuse enhancement presenting inhomogeneous or regional microvesicle distribution) and ring enhancement (ring structure, such as round, oval or oblate spheroid). In CEUS, lesions that showed inhomogeneous and low enhancement were considered as diagnostic criteria for malignant nodules (29,30). Elasticity was classified in five different patterns on RTE scans, as described previously (31,32).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and real-time elastography in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules

Xin

Liu

Jia

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) or real-time elastography (RTE) alone, as well as a combination of CEUS and RTE, in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules was investigated. Between August 2012 and June 2014, a total of 97 consecutive patients (50 male and 47 female patients; mean age, 48.6±12.4; age range, 27-70 years) with thyroid nodules referred for surgical treatment were examined by CEUS and RTE. The final diagnosis was obtained based on histological findings. Image analysis of the CEUS and RTE scans was performed. Considering the postoperative pathological results as the golden standard, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. Subsequently, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of CEUS alone, RTE alone and CEUS + RTE combination were calculated. Pathological examination showed 66 papillary carcinomas and 43 benign lesions, including 21 adenomas and 22 nodular goiters. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of CEUS were 81.82, 90.70, 93.10, 90.70 and 85.32%, respectively. In the case of RTE, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 80.30, 88.37, 91.38, 88.37 and 83.49%, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of CEUS + RTE had a sensitivity of 95.45%, specificity of 95.35%, PPV of 96.92%, NPV of 95.35% and accuracy of 95.41%. Therefore, the CEUS + RTE combination showed a significantly higher sensitivity and specificity compared with CEUS or RTE alone (all P<0.05). Based on ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for CEUS, RTE and CEUS + RTE combination was 0.883, 0.863 and 0.959, respectively. The AUC of RTE alone was significantly lower compared with that of the CEUS + RTE combination. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CEUS + RTE combination significantly increases the diagnostic performance for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules compared with CEUS or RTE alone.

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“…Up to 50% of medullary thyroid carcinoma demonstrate bright echogenic foci; indicative of deposits of calcium surrounded by amyloid. Cystic change is unusual for medullary thyroid carcinoma (134,135).…”

Section: Cytologic Diagnosis Of Medullary Thyroid Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

C-cells and their associated lesions and conditions: a pathologists perspective

Baloch¹,

LiVolsi²

2015

TJPATH

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This paper updates the histopathology and cytopathology of thyroid tumors and proliferations derived from the para-follicular or C cells. Beginning with an historical over view, including the recognition of medullary thyroid carcinoma as a distinct histologic entity, its relationship to the hormone, calcitonin, (which was discovered in the same decade) and to thyroid C cells, medullary carcinoma and its variants are reviewed. The molecular biology of the tumors and the associated mutations in the tumors (somatic mutations) are discussed. Additionally the genetic features (germline mutations) including familial clusters and associations with other endocrine and neuroendocrine lesions are reviewed. Screening for the tumor and its precursors is included with a review of the latest American Thyroid Association guidelines for treatment as well as timing and approach to surgery. Tabular data of specific germline mutations and their relationships to tumor virulence, and prognosis are illustrated. Precursor and early C cell lesions such as C-cell hyperplasia and micro-medullary carcinoma are discussed. Difficulties and controversies in the definition of C-cell proliferations which are neoplastic and those which are "reactive" are reviewed. The entity of medullary microcarcinoma or medullary microcarcinoma is illustrated and the distinction between C cell nodules and microcarcinoma is defined using the latest available criteria. Finally the latest approved chemotherapeutic agents and their results in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma are included.

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Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules

Abstract: Contrast-enhanced US enhancement patterns were different in benign and malignant lesions. Ring enhancement was predictive of benign lesions, whereas heterogeneous enhancement was helpful for detecting malignant lesions.

Cited by 146 publications

References 12 publications

Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules

Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and real-time elastography in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules

C-cells and their associated lesions and conditions: a pathologists perspective

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