Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au ¹⁵N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

Combined primary/secondary papermill sludge as a nitrogen source in a cabbage-sweet corn cropping sequence

“…These values are in the middle of the range of those reported by Tran and Giroux (1991) and Beauchemin et al (1990) for potato soils, slightly lower than those reported by Tran et al (1997) for corn soils, but larger than those reported by Ziadi et al (1999) from meadow soils in the Temiscaming area.…”

“…Moisture content was calculated from weight loss after oven-drying to a constant weight at 105°C. Soil was also analysed for 0.01 M CaCl 2 --extractable NH 4 + , NO 3 -, and Mehlich-3 extractable P, K, Ca, Mg (Tran and Simard 1993). The NO 3 -content was determined by ion chromatography on a Dionex 4000i chromatograph (Dionex Corp., Sunnyvale, CA).…”

Évaluation à moyen terme des besoins en engrais minéraux (N, P, K) d'une rotation en grandes cultures sur sol argileux

“…Les cumuls des UTM ont e´te´supe´rieurs ou e´gaux a`la normale de 3020 UTM au cours de toutes les anne´es expe´rimentales (Tableau 2) a`l'exception de l'anne´e 2000 ou`le cumul des UTM n'a e´te´que de 2723 UTM, un cumul infe´rieur de 10% par rapport a`la normale (Bootsma et al 1999 (Tran et al 1997;Ziadi et al 2007). Le rendement annuel moyen le plus faible (6.52 Mg ha…”

“…Le sommaire des donne´es climatiques de Saint-Hubert (Tableau 2) indique des pre´cipitations de 206 mm au cours du mois de juillet en 2004 comparativement a`la normale de 98 mm. Cette pluviome´trie plus abondante que la normale coincidait avec la croissance rapide du maı¨s (Tran et al 1997), croissance qui se traduit par des besoins en eau qui exce`dent ge´ne´ralement la pluviome´-trie naturelle et par des besoins importants en azote afin d'assurer un bon rendement en grains (Tran et al 1997). Dans l'e´tude de Ziadi et al (2007), les pre´cipitations enregistre´es en juillet 2004 n'ont toutefois e´te´que de 114 mm (Environnement Canada 2010).…”

“…L'apport d'azote (N) mine´ral ou organique permet ge´ne´ralement d'augmenter les rendements du ble ( Ayoub et al 1994;Tran et Tremblay 2000;Ziadi et al 2008), du maı¨s-grain (Tran et al 1997;Elmi et al 2002;Ma et al 2005;Tremblay et al 2007; Gagnon et Ziadi 2010), mais n'a pas beaucoup d'impact sur les rendements du soya (Tremblay et Beausoleil 2000;Pellerin et al 2006). Plusieurs facteurs peuvent influencer les besoins en e´le´ments fertilisants d'une culture : la disponibilite´de l'e´le´ment fertilisant dans le sol, la localisation ge´ographique, les conditions climatiques, les types de sol, les rotations, les cultivars ou les hybrides, etc.…”