Utilisation « courante » d’outils par les chimpanzés de Bulindi, Ouganda : actualisation et analyse des techniques pour creuser le sol à partir d’observations comportementales

McLennan, Matthew R.; Rohen, Jacqueline; Satsias, Zoe M.; Sabiiti, Tom; Baruzaliire, John-Mary; Cibot, Marie

doi:10.4000/primatologie.6706

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The Bulindi chimpanzees use leaf or stick tools in various contexts including foraging (McLennan 2011;McLennan et al 2019b) and hygiene. For example, males sometimes use leaf tools as napkins to wipe their penises after mating (unpubl.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

<Note>Use of a novel human object as a masturbatory tool by a wild male chimpanzee at Bulindi, Uganda

McLennan¹,

Dijk²

2021

PAN

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

<Note>Use of a novel human object as a masturbatory tool by a wild male chimpanzee at Bulindi, Uganda

McLennan¹,

Dijk²

2021

PAN

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“…In a similar vein, we were also unable to attribute tools found to specific individuals, and as such, one or a few individuals could have been responsible for the manufacturing of a large proportion of tools found at a given site (note, however, that our video footage, albeit limited, supports the idea that within a given community there are indeed different individuals making and using tools). Most of our knowledge on wild chimpanzee behaviour comes from communities that can be followed daily and their behaviour studied directly (e.g., Goodall, 1986;Boesch and Boesch-Achermann, 2000;Matsuzawa et al, 2011;McLennan et al, 2019). Hence, when studying unhabituated communities, much of the subjects' behavioural repertoire remains inaccessible to the researcher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In East Africa, the use of stick tool sets to access honey by chimpanzees is rare. However, chimpanzees at Bulindi in Uganda use tool sets, including both digging sticks and more slender sticks to probe the stingless bees' narrow underground entry tubes (McLennan, 2011;McLennan et al, 2019). In West Africa, honey consumption also occurs frequently, but in many cases no tools are used to extract the honey (Boesch and Boesch, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence of Chimpanzee Extractive Tool Use in Cantanhez, Guinea-Bissau: Cross-Community Variation in Honey Dipping

2021

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Wild chimpanzee tool use is highly diverse and, in many cases, exhibits cultural variation: tool-use behaviours and techniques differ between communities and are passed down generations through social learning. Honey dipping – the use of sticks or leaves to extract honey from hives – has been identified across the whole species’ range. Nonetheless, there seems to be marked variation in honey dipping at a species level, with most descriptions originating from central Africa, and involving the use of complex tool sets, or even multifunctional tools. In West Africa, while honey consumption is common, in most cases tools are not used. We document, for the first time, the use of honey dipping tools in unhabituated chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) communities at Cantanhez National Park (CNP), Guinea-Bissau. Over a 23-month period we employed a combination of direct (camera traps, n = 1944 camera trap days) and indirect (1000km of reconnaissance walks, collection of abandoned tools) methods to study four neighbouring communities in central CNP. Fluid dipping tools were found in three of the four communities; here we analyse 204 individual stick tools from the 70 tool-use ateliers found. In addition to documenting individual tool dimensions and raw materials, we adopt methods from primate archaeology to describe the typology of different tools based on use-wear patterns. We describe differences in tools used for different honey types, between communities, and tools and tool kits that show an unexpected degree of complexity. Our data also suggest the use of tool sets, i.e., tools with different functions used sequentially toward the same goal; as well as possible multifunction tools (pounding and dipping), never before described for western chimpanzees. Our study fills gaps in our knowledge of the wild chimpanzee cultural repertoire and highlights how chimpanzee tool manufacture and use can vary even at local scales.

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“…In this study we focused on a behaviour that some authors have deemed crucial for the evolution of our species, namely tool-assisted excavation of edible underground resources (Laden and Wrangham 2005 ). Tool-assisted excavation during foraging has been described in both wild (Hernandez-Aguilar et al 2007 ; Estienne et al 2017 ; McLennan et al 2019 ) and captive (Kohler 1925 ; Motes-Rodrigo et al 2019 ) chimpanzees, as well as in bearded capuchin monkeys (de Moura and Lee 2004 ; Falótico et al 2017 ). In our lineage, this behaviour is present in modern humans (Lee 1979 ), and in the past might have involved the use of bone tools (Brain and Shipman 1993 ; see above).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone-related behaviours of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during two excavating experiments

2022

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After stone tools, bone tools are the most abundant artefact type in the Early Pleistocene archaeological record. That said, they are still relatively scarce, which limits our understanding of the behaviours that led to their production and use. Observations of extant primates constitute a unique source of behavioural data with which to construct hypotheses about the technological forms and repertoires exhibited by our hominin ancestors. We conducted two different experiments to investigate the behavioural responses of two groups of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; n = 33 and n = 9) to disarticulated, defleshed, ungulate bones while participating in a foraging task aimed at eliciting excavating behaviour. Each chimpanzee group was provided with bone specimens with different characteristics, and the two groups differed in their respective experience levels with excavating plant tools. We found that several individuals from the inexperienced group used the provided bones as tools during the task. In contrast, none of the individuals from the experienced group used bones as excavating tools, but instead continued using plant tools. These chimpanzees also performed non-excavating bone behaviours such as percussion and tool-assisted extraction of organic material from the medullary cavity. Our findings serve as a proof-of-concept that chimpanzees can be used to investigate spontaneous bone tool behaviours such as bone-assisted excavation. Furthermore, our results raise interesting questions regarding the role that bone characteristics, as well as previous tool-assisted excavating experience with other raw materials, might have in the expression of bone tool-assisted excavation.

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Utilisation « courante » d’outils par les chimpanzés de Bulindi, Ouganda : actualisation et analyse des techniques pour creuser le sol à partir d’observations comportementales

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

<Note>Use of a novel human object as a masturbatory tool by a wild male chimpanzee at Bulindi, Uganda

<Note>Use of a novel human object as a masturbatory tool by a wild male chimpanzee at Bulindi, Uganda

First Evidence of Chimpanzee Extractive Tool Use in Cantanhez, Guinea-Bissau: Cross-Community Variation in Honey Dipping

Bone-related behaviours of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during two excavating experiments

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