Background
The evaluation of a three-dimensional structure with a two-dimensional imaging technique makes intracoronary diagnostic techniques essential, moreover in the setting of acute myocardial infarction when no apparent coronary lesions are detected. Expert consensus recommend their use in certain scenarios such as angiographically ambiguous lesions and identification of the culprit lesion and, even though both intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow the characterization of the atherosclerotic plaque and assess the immediate and long-term results of stent implantation, each of them has its own benefits and limitations which make them ideal for different types of coronary lesions.
Case summary
We present the case of a lateral STEMI with no evident coronary lesions in angiography, in which OCT allowed us not only to confirm a diagonal branch occlusion but it was also crucial to locate the occlusion point and to guide the procedure, allowing to complete revascularization of culprit lesion that otherwise could be missed.
Discussion
Knowing the actual limitations of conventional coronary angiography to adequately assess coronary disease, intracoronary diagnostic techniques are key to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of the event, moreover in the setting of acute myocardial infarction when no clear culprit lesion has been identified. They can be of great value to locate and revascularize acute occlusions that could go unnoticed on the angiogram, guiding the revascularization and stent implantation and, therefore, preventing myocardial injury that could become irreversible when coronary disease is not treated promptly.