Uterine infections in the postpartum cow

Ruder, C. A.; Sasser, R.G.; Williams, R. J.; Ely, J.K.; Bull, R. C.; Butler, James E.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(81)90059-5

Cited by 84 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Truperella (formerly known as Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, E. coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella melaninogenicus are known to cause uterine infections in postpartum dairy cows [42][43][44][45]. Although multiple studies have been conducted to classify pathogens that may cause uterine infections in dairy cows, to our best knowledge, only a recent article reported a complete overview of the microbiota of the entire reproductive tract (vagina and uterus) of dairy cows.…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Microbiome In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytological samples containing greater than 18% PMN cells after 21 DIM, or greater than 10% PMN at 34 DIM after parturition are considered as SCE [5]. Pathogens such as T. pyogenes, F. necrophorum, and Prevotella have been found frequently in the cytology samples of uterine lumens, increasing the risk of developing an endometritis after calving [44].…”

Section: Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study conducted by [76], uterine cervical diameter was measured in 228 cows in two stages: V1 (20-33 DIM) and V2 (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). The cows in this study had uterine diameters for the V1 stage of 27.6% (<3.5 cm or small), 52.2% (3.5-5.0 cm or medium), and 21.5% (>5.0 cm).…”

Section: Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Rosales

Ametaj

2021

Dairy

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Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.

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Section: Reproductive Tract Microbiome In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive Tract Infections in Dairy Cows: Can Probiotics Curb Down the Incidence Rate?

Rosales

Ametaj

2021

Dairy

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“…The presence of a smelly vaginal discharge reduced the success rate of treatment by 17 per cent (54 v 71 per cent, P<0·02). Smell is probably related to the presence of Actinomyces pyogenes and anaerobic bacteria; these organisms have been shown to act synergistically thus increasing the severity of the disease (Ruder and others 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three treatments for bovine endometritis

1998

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Three commercial preparations for the treatment of bovine endometritis were compared: an intrauterine infusion of 1500 mg oxtytetracycline hydrochloride solution, an intramuscular injection of 500 micrograms cloprostenol (a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha), and an intramuscular injection of 3 mg oestradiol benzoate/500 kg estimated bodyweight. A total of 300 cases of endometritis were treated, of which 225 involved first, 67 involved second, and eight involved third or subsequent treatments. The overall success rate of treatment was 68 per cent. Oxytetracycline was successful in 73 per cent of cases, cloprostenol in 67 per cent and oestradiol in 63 per cent of cases. There was no significant difference between the success rates of the treatments, except for cows with mild endometritis in which oxytetracycline was more successful than oestradol (86 v 66 per cent, P < 0.05). Mild cases were treated more successfully than moderate cases (78 v 61 per cent, P < 0.01), and more successfully than severe cases (78 v 44 per cent, P < 0.001). Prostaglandin F2 alpha was more successful if the milk progesterone concentration was > 7 ng/ml at the time of treatment (P < 0.05). The presence of a smelly discharge at the time of treatment reduced the success rate by 17 per cent (P < 0.02). The treatment to conception interval for all successful treatments of endometritis by prostaglandin F2 alpha was 18.1 days shorter than for oestradiol (68.3 v 86.4 days, P < 0.02), and the interval for oxytetracycline was 16.2 days shorter than for oestradiol (70.2 v 86.4 days, P < 0.05).

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