“…Estimates may also underestimate GDP due to difficulties in taking into account black market transactions. GDP Sources: Maddison (2003, pp. 180–85); Van der Eng (1991, 1992a, 1992b, pp. 368–69, 1994); Bassino, forthcoming and personal communication (Nov. 2010), Vietnam national income, 6 Feb. 2011. Exchange Rates : Van der Eng (1993).…”