USPF: Underwater Shrewd Packet Flooding Mechanism through Surrogate Holding Time

Abstract

The selection of optimal relay node ever remains a stern challenge for underwater routing. Due to a rigid and uncouth underwater environment, the acoustic channel faces inevitable masses that tarnish the transmission cycle. None of the protocols can cover all routing issues; therefore, designing underwater routing protocol demands a cognitive coverage that cannot be accomplished without meticulous research. An angle-based shrewd technique is being adopted to improve the data packet delivery, as well as revitalize the network lifespan. From source to destination, one complete cycle comprises three phases indeed; in the first phase, the eligibility of data packet belonging to the same transmission zone is litigated by Forwarder Hop Angle (FHA) and Counterpart Hop Angle (CHA). If FHA value is equal or greater than CHA, it presages that the generated packet belongs to the same transmission zone; otherwise, it portends that packet is maverick from other sectors. The second phase picks out the best relay node by computing a three-state link quality with prefix values using the Additive-Rise and Additive-Fall method. Finally, the third phase renders a decisive solution regarding exorbitant overhead fistula; a packet holding time is contemplated to prevent the packet loss probability. Simulation results using NS2 have been analyzed, regarding packet delivery ratio, packet error rate, communication overhead, and end-to-end delay. Comparing to HHVBF and GEDAR, USPF indeed has outperformed, leading into the evidence of applicability’s favor.

Design of Shrewd Underwater Routing Synergy Using Porous Energy Shells

“…The submerged acoustic signal operates between 10 Hz to 1 MHz frequencies. Due to a confined acoustic spectrum, only a limited range of frequencies are usable in underwater communication [10]. The unavoidable factors such as salinity, temperature, and water depth merely effect the speed of acoustic signal, therefore, the acoustic wave spreads into a curved The remaining discussions are arranged as follows: Section 2 highlights the related work, Section 3 covers the details of suggested (SURS-PES) routing methodology, the performance evaluation using simulation results are discussed in Section 4, and the conclusions and proposed future research directions are stated in Section 5.…”

“…The submerged acoustic signal operates between 10 Hz to 1 MHz frequencies. Due to a confined acoustic spectrum, only a limited range of frequencies are usable in underwater communication [10]. The unavoidable factors such as salinity, temperature, and water depth merely effect the speed of acoustic signal, therefore, the acoustic wave spreads into a curved path and sensor nodes cannot overhear the signals.…”

Conversion of adverse data corpus to shrewd output using sampling metrics

“…Unbalanced classes are a common issue in the classification of machine learning, where the number of findings is disproportionated in class. Most algorithms for mastery learning work best if the sample numbers are approximately equal in each class [17]. Most algorithms have been developed to increase precision and decrease errors.…”

Synergic Development of Energy Efficacious Wireless Sensor Networks

“…They had evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm in two analytical models that are star based network model and the grid based network model respectively. Previously, Jinbao Li et al [2] proposed a caching scheme in a sensor network of multisink environment. In their approach, the network forms a set of network trees for a particular receiver.…”