Usos, resistencias y aceptación de tecnologías energéticas emergentes en el hogar. El caso de la política de recambio de estufas en Temuco, Chile

Abstract

En el marco de un creciente interés de la sociología del medioambiente y la energía por estudiar los procesos de transición hacia sistemas energéticos proambientales, este artículo presenta los principales hallazgos empíricos de un estudio de caso que aborda cualitativamente una política de recambio de estufas en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. El artículo utiliza dos enfoques teóricos complementarios, la Multilevel Perspective (MLP) y la teoría de las prácticas sociales (TPS) para describir la existencia de mecanismos de bloqueo a los procesos de transición sostenible, tanto a nivel institucional como a nivel de las prácticas asociadas al uso de las estufas. El artículo se basa en 23 entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave del proceso de recambio y 23 ejercicios de observación participante orientados a describir las prácticas de calefacción de los hogares de Temuco. En base a esta evidencia, el artículo plantea la necesidad de abordar las transiciones energéticas proambientales articulando enfoques teóricos que permitan dar cuenta de las distintas escalas y actores que constituyen este tipo de procesos. Este enfoque puede facilitar una mayor sensibilidad a las distintas dificultades inherentes a los procesos de transición energética.

Life cycle assessment for hydrothermal carbonization of urban organic solid waste in comparison with gasification process: A case study of Southern Chile

“…The use of wood‐burning stoves for heating and domestic cooking is responsible for 94% of the total annual emissions PM 2.5 in the area around Temuco and Padre de las Casas 44 . The 90% of households use firewood for heating, reaching 6.3 m 3 solids/year per household, equivalent to 1,551,752 MWh/year 45 . Considering the gasification process, it could be expected to produce around 101,712 MWh/year (6.56% of heating demand), since 725.5 kg of OFUSW could be transformed to 1 MWh and 73,792 tons/year of OFUSW are produced in Temuco and Padre Las Casas.…”

Wood burning stoves, participatory sensing, and ‘cold, stark data’

“…The absence of accurate understandings of indoor emissions intersects with other preconceptions, mainly around the aesthetic of stoves being 'cosy' and 'environmentally friendly', to create a cognitive terrain characterised by favourability. Not only do such positions work against the introduction of air quality policies in local areas (Boso et al 2017(Boso et al , 2018Bhullar et al 2014), but they render air pollution data from sensors less persuasive. As such, participatory sensing alone cannot be relied upon to change perceptions and behaviour on air pollution.…”

Energy culture and the dynamics of energy poverty in south Chile: a blind spot for decontamination energy efficiency policies

“…Undoubtedly, the energy poverty problem in south Chile is related to territorial energy vulnerability conditions RedPE, 2020). There are policies in conflict with regards to the particular characteristics of the firewood market (Álamos et al, 2021), the institutional lock-in mechanisms related to the high institutional density and a lack of coordination (Boso et al, 2017), instability of electrical service and infrastructural conditions related to energy markets. This context-dependency of energy poverty expression has been described recognising the importance of cultural dimension, but without tackling it.…”

“…On the other hand, few studies about energy transition from sociotechnical perspectives have recognised the importance of domestic heating practices. Boso et al (2017) identified two cultural lock-ins to advance on energy transition: the changes in domestic 'practice ecologies'-later called heating ecologies (Ariztia et al, 2019)-and practices related to maintenance and care of appliances; moving from daily practices for users to the need of expert knowledge and networks with new technologies. The same authors have emphasised how the heater appliance replacement programme redefines a whole complex set of practices that constitute everyday domestic life, reconfiguring daily activities.…”