Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones

Pérez-Lazo, Giancarlo; Soto-Febres, Fernando; Morales-Moreno, Adriana; Cabrera-Enríquez, John A.; Díaz-Agudo, J.; Rojas, Rafael Moreno; Arenas-Ramírez, Berenice; Illescas, Ricardo

doi:10.24265/horizmed.2021.v21n2.12

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Peru is one of the countries where there is a high consumption and inappropriate prescription of antibiotics; therefore, it is important to propose programs and strategies to control the appropriate use of these drugs [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon

Romaní

León-Figueroa

Rafael-Navarro

et al. 2022

JCM

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Introduction: A significant antibiotic prescribing pattern associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been described. Multiple protocols included empirical antimicrobials, leading to a substantial increase in antimicrobial consumption in medical care. A higher mortality rate is described among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antibiotics. Objectives: To determine the association between the use of antibiotics and the development of acute renal injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in patients treated at the Hospital II EsSalud de Ucayali, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted, evaluating the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit between July 2020 and July 2021. For the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion, statistical hypothesis contrast tests were used in relation to acute kidney injury (AKI), antibiotic use and associated factors, derived from linear regression models. Results: The factors that were positively associated with the development of AKI were sepsis (aPR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.26–6.43), shock (aPR:2.49; 95% CI: 1.28–4.86), mechanical ventilation (aPR:9.11; 95% CI: 1.23–67.57), and use of vancomycin (aPR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.19–8.27). Conclusions: In the Peruvian Amazon, there is a high consumption and inadequate prescription of antibiotics. The drugs most commonly used for the treatment of COVID-19 were: aminoglycosides, vancomycin, ivermectin, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and corticosteroids. The development of AKI among hospitalized patients was found to be related to vancomycin administration. In addition, an association was found with the use of mechanical ventilation, a high body mass index, and the presence of complications such as sepsis or shock. Therefore, inappropriate antibiotic use for COVID-19 has been associated with multiple negative outcomes and consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon

Romaní

León-Figueroa

Rafael-Navarro

et al. 2022

JCM

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Perfil bacteriano del shock séptico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la altitud del seguro social del Perú.

Tinoco-Solórzano

Perez

Franco

et al. 2021

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Conocer el perfil bacteriano del shock séptico permitirá una adecuada elección de antibióticos empíricos. Objetivos: a) Describir el perfil bacteriano del shock séptico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la altitud. b) Conocer la localización de los cultivos positivos. c) Identificar la sensibilidad y el mecanismo de resistencia bacteriana. d) Encontrar diferencias de los perfiles bacterianos de la altitud. Estudio retrospectivo transversal. Realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos a 3,250 “msnm”. Se incluyeron los cultivos positivos y antibiogramas de residentes de la altitud con shock séptico extraídos antes del inicio de los antibióticos durante 7 años. 1,212 muestras. Escherichia coli (18.48%). Las bacterias gramnegativas presentaron sensibilidad para colistina (94-99%) el principal mecanismo de resistencia fue betalactamasa de espectro extendido (43-91%). Staphylococcus aureus (22.19%). Las bacterias grampositivas presentaron sensibilidad para tigecilina, linezolid (100%) y vancomicina (36-100%) el principal mecanismo de resistencia fue ampicilina/sulbactam resistente productor de betalactamasa (50-97%) y meticilino resistente (87-100%). En Conclusión. - a) Escherichia coli la gramnegativa más frecuente y Staphylococcus aureus el grampositivo. b) El cultivo más frecuente provenía del tracto respiratorio inferior. c) De las gramnegativas, Pseudomona aeruginosa mostro elevada sensibilidad para colistina, el resto también para tigecilina. El mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente fue betalactamasa de espectro extendido. Las Bacterias grampositivas tienen una elevada sensibilidad para tigecilina, linezolid y vancomicina. Su mecanismo de resistencia más frecuente fue ampicilina/sulbactam resistente. d) No encontramos diferencias de los perfiles bacterianos informados en la altitud. Recomendamos confirmar los resultados de sensibilidad “in vitro” de Tigeciclina.

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Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Story of Perseverance, Challenges, and Goals

Restrepo-Arbeláez,

Garcia-Betancur,

Pallares

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major global health threats. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has been set as a priority within international action plans to combat this issue. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean are recognized for their high antimicrobial resistance rates; nevertheless, a low number of studies describing implemented interventions for this topic have been published. This review aims to provide an overview of the status of AMS in our region, focusing on the main progress achieved and describing the different published efforts made by countries towards the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Common areas of intervention included were (a) education approaches, (b) antimicrobial guideline implementation and monitoring, (c) diagnostic stewardship, (d) technological tools: electronic clinical decision support systems in AMS, (e) pharmacy-driven protocols and collaborative practice agreements, and (f) economic impact. The search demonstrated the varied interventions implemented in diverse healthcare settings; the results accentuate their influence on antimicrobial consumption, antimicrobial resistance, clinical outcomes, and direct economic impact. The integration of multiple strategies within each hospital was highlighted as an essential key to ASP success. Even though the literature found demonstrated clear progress, there is still a special need for strengthening leadership from the top down, defining goals based on needs, and gaining support through policy and financing in LAC.

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Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones

Abstract: Uso racional de antimicrobianos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Perú: rol de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos e intervenciones desde el punto de vista de control de infecciones

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon

Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon

Perfil bacteriano del shock séptico en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la altitud del seguro social del Perú.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Story of Perseverance, Challenges, and Goals

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