The present article aims to discuss the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, since it occurs when these drugs are used for the treatment of infections, which are not caused by bacteria. Assess the risks caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in people. It is observed the misuse of antibiotics for the treatment of infections and variations in the sensitivity of bacteria in the face of these medications. Bacterial resistance, addressed by the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is a public health issue, due to the increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. The country has been trying to soften the free sale of medicines, preventing ineffective use from competing for the bacterial resistance process.