Uso de óleo na dieta de eqüinos submetidos ao exercício

Abstract

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar, por meio de parâmetros hematofisiológicos, o desempenho atlético de cavalos submetidos a exercícios de média intensidade alimentados com dietas suplementadas com dois níveis de óleo vegetal (250 e 500 g/dia). Foram utilizados 18 eqüinos machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com faixa etária entre 4 e 8 anos de idade e peso corporal de 456±2,90 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente aleatório, em um esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo, em que os tempos de coleta constituíram a subparcela e os níveis de óleo de soja (0, 250 e 500 g/cavalo/dia), a parcela. Os cavalos receberam, durante 30 dias, 8,40; 7,95 e 7,30 kg/dia das rações contendo 0, 250 e 500 g de óleo, respectivamente, divididas em três refeições diárias. Ao final dos 30 dias, foi realizado o exercício-teste com todos os cavalos, durante 2 horas, ao trote alongado. Foram avaliados, no início e final do exercício, os teores de glicose e lactato sangüíneos, o hematócrito e a temperatura corporal. As freqüências cardíaca e respiratória foram tomadas no início, 1 e 2 horas de exercício e 15 minutos após o exercício. Verificou-se efeito da interação tempos de coleta × níveis de óleo na dieta sobre os teores de glicose e lactato e valores de hematócrito, temperatura corporal, freqüência cardíaca e respiratória. A adição de 250 e 500 g de óleo na dieta de eqüinos submetidos ao exercício de média intensidade proporcionou melhora no desempenho hematofisiológico e, portanto, pode resultar em melhor desempenho atlético dos cavalos. Os cavalos que consumiram óleo na proporção de 500 g/dia apresentaram melhor recuperação pós-prova, confirmada pela freqüência cardíaca e pelo hematócrito. Palavras-chave: freqüência cardíaca, glicose, hematócrito, lactato Use of oil in diet of equine under exerciseABSTRACT -The objective of this research was to estimate, by haematophysiological parameters, the physical performance of horses under exercise of mid intensity and fed diets with two levels of vegetal oil (250 and 500 g/day). Eighteen castrated thoroughbred horses aging from 4 and 8 years old and averaging body weight of 456±2.90 kg were alloted to a split plot approach with repeated measures over time in a completely randomized design, with the collection times in the sub-plots and the soybean oil levels (0, 250 and 500 g per horse per day) in the plots. During 30 days, the horses were fed 8.40, 7.95, and 7.30 kg/day of diets with 0, 250 and 500 g of oil, respectively, divided in three daily feeds. At the end of 30 days, the exercise test was performed with all horses, during 2 hours, at large trot. At the beginning and at the end of the exercise, the levels of glucose, lactate, haematocrit, body temperature were estimated. The heart and respiratory rates were taken at the beginning, 1 and 2 hours of exercise and 15 minutes after the end of the exercise. Interaction of collection times × dietary oil levels on the levels of glucose, lactate, and haematocrit, body temperature, and heart and respirato...

Performance of eventing horses fed high fat diet

“…Body temperature in horses was also influenced by weather variation, promoting higher metabolic distress in horses at the third exercise test, reducing heat loss from the horses, resulting in higher body temperature after exercise, of 39.9 o C. The body temperature of horses only decreased 120 minutes after the test had finished, while in other tests body temperature began to decrease 20 minutes after the tests. Mattos et al, (2006) verified that including soybean oil in the diet reduced body temperature at the end of 2 hours in horses at trot, with values of 39.2 o C.…”

“…However, Zeyner et al (2002) observed meaningful increase in glucose concentration in equines fed with soybean oil included in diet, at rest, when compared to animals fed diet without oil, with average values of 95.1 and 88.8 mg/dL, respectively, after 390 days of diet intake. Mattos et al (2006) observed that glucose concentrations did not differ meaningfully before exercise among equines consuming diets with 0; 3.1 and 6.8% soybean oil included, for 3 days, but observed meaningfully difference at the end of physical effort, with higher values in equines consuming hyperlipidemic diets.…”

“…However, Mattos et al (2006) observed that in horses fed diets with 0, 3.1 and 6.8% soybean oil inclusion, the lactate concentrations differed (P<0.05) at the end of exercise effort, with higher values in horses fed diet with high soybean oil inclusion. This difference might be because of the type and duration of the exercise effort.…”

“…However, Mattos et al (2006) evaluated horses in exercise activity, trotting for 2 hours, and fed diets for 30 days with 0, 3.1 and 6.8% soybean oil included and verified that horses fed diet with more soybean oil included presented lower heart rate immediately after and 15 minutes after the exercise test.…”

“…According to Hodgson & Rose (1994), Boffi (2006), Mattos et al (2006) and Brandi et al (2008), the beneficial effect of diet intake with soybean oil on horse performance is more evident when they are submitted to low intensity and long duration exercise.…”