Uso De Microorganismos en El Cultivo De Crustáceos

Abstract

El presente documento es una revisión actualizada sobre el uso de microorganismos en acuicultura que incluye experiencias internacionales, nacionales, regionales e institucionales sobre el tema. Los microorganismos han sido ampliamente utilizados desde hace siglos en diversos procesos para la preparación y procesamiento de diversos alimentos (pan, queso, vino, cerveza, etcétera). Sus usos en acuicultura son relativamente recientes y han sido mayormente utilizados como prebióticos o probióticos para mejorar la calidad del ambiente de cultivo, así como la condición fisiológica, nutricional y sanitaria de los organismos cultivados. Recientemente se les ha encontrado aplicación práctica e importante como biomasa directa para alimentar a camarones y peces bajo condiciones de cultivo. En la revisión fueron destacados aspectos, como la composición nutricional de diversos microorganismos autotróficos y heterotróficos, las estrategias para su manejo y las experiencias de su uso en la acuicultura de diversas especies.

Effect of the larval density and food ratio on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) zoea

“…However, one of the greatest challenges faced by this activity is the massive production of shrimp larvae and juveniles of and adequate nutritional quality, required by commercial producers (Pérez-Morales et al, 2016). In this sense, the quantity and nutritional quality of the food supplied to the organisms is crucial, since, directly influences the growth, development and survival of the larvae (Martínez-Córdova et al, 2014).…”

The contribution of mangrove leaf litter to juvenile shrimp (Penaeus monodon) production in mangrove-shrimp aquaculture systems

“…Alam et al (2021a) identified that S. apetala (Sa) leaf litter had the highest decomposition rate from among the mangrove species and contributed to the highest shrimp weight gain, as was also found in this experiment. As a consequence, Sa leaf litter in combination with supplemental feed led to more Ocana, 2007;Enriquez, 2003;Tacon, 2002). Phytoplankton has been found to be…”

“…The decomposition of mangrove leaf litter enhances microbial activity and biofilm formation within decomposing leaf litter, which is a nutritive natural food for shrimp post larvae (Gatune et al, 2014(Gatune et al, , 2012. Such natural food can contribute up to 50-70% of the nutritional requirements of shrimp (Martinez-Cordova and Enriquez-Ocana, 2007;Enríquez, 2003;Tacon, 2002).…”

“…Decomposing mangrove leaf litter stimulates natural food production (Rejeki et al, 2019;Nga et al, 2006). Natural food can contribute up to 50-70% of nutritional requirements of shrimp held in culture ponds (Martinez-Cordova and Enriquez-Ocana, 2007;Enriquez, 2003;Tacon, 2002). Thus the natural food produced from decomposed leaf litter helped the PLs to survive and gain weight.…”

“…This might be due to the release of nutrients through decomposition of leaf litter and the development of a microbial biofilm of direct use as food for the shrimp and/or the growth of plankton in the water column. Zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria are natural foods for shrimp PL and juveniles (Porchas-Cornejo et al, 2012) that can contribute up to 50-70% of the nutritional needs of shrimp (Martinez-Cordova and Enriquez-Ocana, 2007;Enriquez, 2003;Tacon, 2002). Others such as Gatune et al (2014;2012) and Nga et al (2006) also documented that the decomposition of mangrove leaf litter releases nutrients, supports natural food production and microbial biofilm development which serve as food for shrimp PL.…”