Uso de hábitat y estado de conservación de las aves en el humedal El Paraíso, Lima, Perú

Abstract

Uso de hábitat y estado de conservación de las aves en el humedal El Paraíso ResumenLas aves son el grupo taxonómico más representativo de los humedales. En la costa central peruana muchos de estos ecosistemas se encuentran seriamente afectados por actividades antropogénicas. Con el objetivo de brindar información que contribuya a la implementación de planes de manejo y conservación de la avifauna del humedal El Paraíso se evaluó las preferencias y usos de los dos hábitats acuáticos presentes en el humedal, la laguna salobre y la zona cenagosa. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones mensuales desde mayo del 2009 a marzo del 2010 utilizando el método de puntos de conteo. Se observaron 68 especies que hicieron uso directo de los hábitats de estudio. Las familias más abundantes fueron Anatidae (19.2%), Laridae (18.0%), Phalacrocoracidae (16.8%) y Rallidae (16.1%). La especie más abundante fue Phalacrocorax brasilianus (16.7%), seguida de la Fulica ardesiaca (13.0%). Se encontró marcada diferencias en la composición de aves entre los dos hábitats evaluados debido, principalmente, a la presencia de especies migratorias boreales quienes prefieren el hábitat cenagoso. Por otro lado, fueron identificados los sitios de anidamiento de especies representativas del humedal tales como Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Tachuris rubrigastra, Phleocryptes melanops, Charadrius nivosus. La actividad frecuentemente registrada fue el descanso (73.9%), seguido de la alimentación (23.4%) y la reproducción (2.73%). Constituyen las principales amenazas para el humedal; la caza deportiva, quema de totorales y juncales, tránsito de vehículos por la orilla marina y desechos de residuos sólidos dejados por los bañistas.Palabras clave: El Paraíso; humedal; aves; uso de hábitat; conservación. AbstractBirds are the most representative group of wetlands. In the Central Peruvian coast many of these ecosystems are severely affected by anthropogenic activities, for instance, El Paraíso wetland. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preferences and habitat uses of two aquatic bodies: brackish lagoon and marshy area at El Paraíso Wetland, in order to gather information for the implementation of management plans and conservation of this wetland. From May 2009 to March 2010, we carried out monthly assessment by point counts technique. We identified 68 species that made direct use of the studied habitats. The most abundant families were Anatidae (19.2%), Laridae (18.0%), Phalacrocoracidae (16.8%) and Rallidae (16.1%). The most abundant species was Phalacrocorax brasilianus (16.7%), followed by the Fulica ardesiaca (13.0%). We found marked differences in the composition of birds' communities between the two evaluated habitats, which mainly occurred due to the presence of boreal migratory species that prefer swampy habitat. Nesting sites of representative species of wetland such as, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Tachuris rubrigastra, Phleocryptes melanops and Charadrius nivosus were recorded. The most common bird activity recorded was resting (73.9%), followed by fe...

Nonrandom spatial distribution of Neotropic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) along a coastal highway in Lima, Peru

“… The red bars at the top of the graph corresponds to the breeding season of Neotropic Cormorants, which was defined based on records in two coastal wetlands of the central zone of Peru (Los Pantanos de Villa [ 70 ] and El Paraíso [ 71 ]) and other studies that describe the duration of the stages of their reproductive cycle in different locations of the Peruvian coast [ 23 , 72 , 73 ]. …”

“…The marked variation of the number of NECOs between seasons in the CPCV highway seems to respond to the phenology of their annual life cycle. Low numbers of birds were recorded from the end of austral spring to the beginning of autumn, which corresponds to their breeding season in the central zone of the Peruvian coast [ 70 , 71 ]. In addition, adult individuals in breeding plumage were observed in the CPCV highway in November 2018 and December 2019, as well as several juveniles from November 2019 to March 2020 as a result of a possible high reproductive success in 2019.…”

Nonrandom spatial distribution of Neotropic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) along a coastal highway in Lima, Peru

“…The red bars at the top of the graph corresponds to the breeding season of the Neotropic Cormorants, which was defined based on records in two coastal wetlands of the central zone of Peru (Los Pantanos de Villa [70] and El Paraíso [71]) and other studies that describe the duration of the stages of their reproductive cycle in different locations of the Peruvian coast [72–74]. …”

“…The marked variations in the number of NECOs between seasons in the CPCV seem to respond to the phenology of its annual life cycle. Low numbers of birds were recorded from the end of austral spring to the beginning of autumn, which corresponds to their breeding season in the central zone of the Peruvian coast [70, 71]. In addition, adult individuals with reproductive plumage were observed in the CPCV in November 2018 and December 2019, as well as several juveniles from November 2019 to March 2020 as a result of a possible good reproduction in 2019.…”

Formación de un humedal en la costa norte del Perú

“…En el Perú, los humedales costeros totalizan una superficie cercana a las 3448 ha (MINAM 2010), la mayoría amenazados principalmente por presión de las actividades antrópicas (Tabilo-Valdivieso et al 2017). La revisión bibliográfica muestra que las investigaciones sobre humedales costeros se centran en evaluación del estado de conservación (Quiñonez andHernandez 2017, Pulido &Bermúdez 2018), Revista peruana de biología 28(3): e21132 (Agosto 2021) inventarios florísticos (Ramírez et al 2010), aves migratorias y acuáticas (García-Olaechea et al 2018, Chavez et al 2019, mamíferos, entre otros grupos faunísticos (Chávez-Villavicencio et al 2012;García-Olaechea et al 2013;Chávez-Villavicencio et al 2015), incluso sobre la aplicación de técnicas de recuperación biológica (Jindo & Morikawa 2020).…”