Uso da radiação gama na determinação da densidade aparente e da umidade do solo

Reichardt, Klaus

doi:10.1590/s0071-12761965000100017

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Inicialmente, a disparidade estar ligada a fatores como a textura e a estrutura dos solos, o tipo de cobertura na superfície, o manejo das atividades agropecuária, além de outras, porém, no caso específico deste estudo, ficou claro a relação direta entre os tipos de cultura produzidas e a taxa de infiltração de água no solo. Assim, para Reichardt et al (1996) o conhecimento a respeito do processo de infiltração de água e sua relação com as propriedades do solo são fundamentais para o manejo correto do solo e da água no desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuárias.…”

Section: Resultados E Discursãounclassified

Estudos Avançados Interdisciplinares Volume 25

Paz,

Mendes,

Souza

et al. 2023

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É com muita satisfação que apresentamos o vigésimo quinto volume da Coleção intitulada “ESTUDOS AVANÇADOS INTERDISCIPLINARES”, que reúne em seus capítulos pesquisadores de diversas instituições com discussões e temáticas que circundam uma gama de possibilidades de pesquisas e de relações dialógicas que certamente podem ser relevantes para o desenvolvimento social brasileiro a partir de uma ótica que contempla as mais vastas questões da sociedade. Tal obra visa dar publicidade a estudos e pesquisas frutos de árduos trabalhos acadêmicos que decerto contribuem, cada um a seu modo, para o aprofundamento de discussões em suas respectivas áreas pois são pesquisas germinadas, frutificadas e colhidas de temas atuais que estão sendo debatidos nas principais universidades nacionais e que refletem o interesse de pesquisadores no desenvolvimento social e científico que possam impactar positivamente a qualidade de vida de homens e de mulheres.

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Section: Resultados E Discursãounclassified

Estudos Avançados Interdisciplinares Volume 25

Paz,

Mendes,

Souza

et al. 2023

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“…In Brazil, the thesis of Professor Klaus Reichardt, presented in 1965 at the University of São Paulo (Reichardt, 1965), can be considered the pioneering study in the use of GAM for measurements of soil bulk density and water content (Table 1). Another important study was made by Professor Epaminondas Ferraz, in his associate professor thesis presented in 1974, measuring simultaneously soil bulk density and water content combining two radioactive sources (Ferraz, 1974).…”

Section: Gamma-ray Attenuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of nuclear techniques in soil science: A literature review of the Brazilian contribution

Pires¹,

Cássaro²,

Correchel³

2021

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

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This review presents the basic research and some applications of the gamma-ray attenuation, neutron gauges, and 137 Cs fallout techniques for studying soil physical processes and properties. The selected studies aimed to give the readers a general idea of the use of these nuclear techniques carried out by Brazilian researchers in the past decades. It is expected to assist future researchers by identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities for applying the methods presented here. Around 100 studies were selected for this review. The papers dealing with gamma-ray attenuation are mostly related to the analysis of soil radiation interactions, the measurement of basic soil physical properties, the evaluation of hydraulic conductivity, water retention curve, and soil mechanical analysis. Neutron gauge applications are related to monitoring the water distribution and balance at the field scale, procedures for calibrating the existing gauge for the Brazilian soils, and analyzing the spatial and temporal variability of the soil water content. The 137 Cs methodology involves studies about the erosion and sediment deposition in small watersheds and riparian zones, the spatial variability of 137 Cs inventories at reference sites, and the measurement of sediment spatial distributions. Future studies with the gamma-ray attenuation methodology should focus on a better comprehension of the photon interaction with the soil and a correct selection of photon energies to investigate contrasting soils. This is mandatory for adopting it as a reliable tool for soil characterization. This review also revealed that the challenges for the future use of the 137 Cs fallout technique involve the continuous decrease of the 137 Cs activity worldwide, including in Brazil. Advances in detection systems (gamma spectrometers) will be required to overcome this issue. Future studies should focus on the use of correction factors related to the enrichment of fine particles during the transport of sediments to improve the estimates obtained through the conversion models. The use of neutron gauges to detect soil water content at the field scale depends on the adoption of reliable calibration curves. Then, comprehending how soil properties alter this curve and how it affects the water balance is a study of great interest. Motivated by strict regulations on the use of radioactive materials, the adoption of gauges with less activity is becoming a new goal. Thus, the development of more effective systems of neutron detection is crucial.

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“…The Gamma Ray Transmission (GRT) technique in physics of soil was first applied to density measurements, according to Reginato & Van Bavel, 1964, and later for determination of soil moisture content. One of the earliest work using the GRT technique was carried out by Reichardt, 1965. The GRT allows nondestructive measurements of density and soil moisture content, study of soil compaction caused by agricultural machinery and also the monitoring of changes in soil profile density (Portezan Filho, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%