Using virtual reality to assess vestibulo-visual interaction in people with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy controls

Hawkins, Kim; Paul, Serene S.; Chiarovano, Elodie; Curthoys, Ian S.

doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06219-0

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Nonetheless, this statement concerns a short-term effect of medication, but did not consider long-term effect of medication. Furthermore, our results are in agreement with Hawkins et al findings, which indicate that LED has an inverse relationship with postural performance in tasks on firm and foam surfaces, with VR-induced visual perturbation, 23 even if this task, as in another studies, assessed visual dependency concerning postural stability, and not directly MS susceptibility. This study has some limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…17,18 This sensory organization impairment causes them to be overly reliant on visual input, 19 despite visual deficit, as well for visual subjective vertical, 20 for self-motion perception, 21 and for postural control. 22,23 Inadequate integration of different movement stimuli can provoke motion sickness (MS). 24 Symptoms of MS such as discomfort, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, loss of concentration, headache and increased fatigue are well known.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Motion sickness susceptibility and visually induced motion sickness as diagnostic signs in Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2022

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Postural instability and loss of vestibular and somatosensory acuity can be part of the signs encountered in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Visual dependency is described in PD. These modifications of sensory input hierarchy are predictors of motion sickness (MS). The aim of this study was to assess MS susceptibility and effects of real induced MS in posture. 63 PD patients, whose medication levels (levodopa) reflected the pathology were evaluated, and 27 healthy controls, filled a MS questionnaire; 9 PD patients and 43 healthy controls were assessed by posturography using virtual reality. Drug amount predicted visual MS (p=0.01), but not real induced MS susceptibility. PD patients did not experience postural instability in virtual reality, contrary to healthy controls. Since PD patients do not seem to feel vestibular stimulated MS, they may not rely on vestibular and somatosensory inputs during the stimulation. However, they feel visually induced MS more with increased levodopa drug effect. Levodopa amount can increase visual dependency. The strongest MS predictors must be studied in PD to better understand the effect of visual stimulation and its absence in vestibular stimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion sickness susceptibility and visually induced motion sickness as diagnostic signs in Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2022

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“…In studying otolith function, they found that the PD patients exhibited significantly more absent cervical-evoked myogenic potentials to both clicks and taps, indicating saccular dysfunction, consistent with previous studies [(51); see (3) for a review]. In a further study (52), they used a virtual reality task and demonstrated that PD patients displayed poorer balance which correlated with the severity of the disease, age, vestibulo-ocular reflex function and proprioceptive ability. These studies are particularly significant because of the size of the sample of PD patients and also the use of the same number of controls.…”

Section: The Vestibular System and The Striatumsupporting

confidence: 81%

Recent developments in the understanding of the interactions between the vestibular system, memory, the hippocampus, and the striatum

Smith

2022

Front. Neurol.

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Over the last two decades, evidence has accumulated to demonstrate that the vestibular system has extensive connections with areas of the brain related to spatial memory, such as the hippocampus, and also that it has significant interactions with areas associated with voluntary motor control, such as the striatum in the basal ganglia. In fact, these functions are far from separate and it is believed that interactions between the striatum and hippocampus are important for memory processing. The data relating to vestibular-hippocampal-striatal interactions have considerable implications for the understanding and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease, in addition to other neurological disorders. However, evidence is accumulating rapidly, and it is difficult to keep up with the latest developments in these and related areas. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the relevant evidence that has been published over the last 2 years (i.e., since 2021), in order to identify emerging themes in this research area.

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“…The pooled OR of mVEMP was 7.52 ( n = 171; 95% CI = 1.93 to 29.25) with low heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%) ( Figure 2 ). One study met the inclusion criteria of our meta-analysis, but it was excluded for duplicating the patients of another included study, which was presented with more detailed data [ 26 , 32 ]. The Begg’s tests of the absence rates in the various kinds of VEMPs were not significant, which is consistent with a low or moderate risk of publication bias ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can only analyze the association between the fall and absence rates of VEMPs due to insufficient information. We analyzed two studies measuring the difference in absent VEMP responses between patients who fell within 1 year and patients who did not fall within 1 year [ 13 , 32 ]. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups due to insufficient data (cVEMP: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.38 to 3.62; oVEMP: OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 0.84 to 11.02) ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022

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(1) Background: The brainstem plays an essential role in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but it is not widely tested in clinical examinations of PD. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are recognized as fundamental tools in the assessment of brainstem function. The aim of our meta-analysis was to assess the abnormal findings of VEMPs in patients with PD. (2) Methods: Up to 14 February 2022, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to evaluate VEMPs in patients with PD in comparison with respective controls. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022311103). (3) Results: A total of 15 studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. The absence rates of VEMPs in patients with PD were significantly higher than those of control groups (cVEMP: OR = 6.77; oVEMP: OR = 13.9; mVEMP: OR = 7.52). A delayed P13 latency, a decreased peak-to-peak amplitude, and an increased AAR of cVEMP, and a delayed oVEMP P15 latency were also found in patients with PD. (4) Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates abnormal VEMP findings in patients with PD, revealing the dysfunction of the brainstem in PD. VEMP tests, especially cVEMP tests, could be a helpful method for the early detection of PD.

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Using virtual reality to assess vestibulo-visual interaction in people with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy controls

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Motion sickness susceptibility and visually induced motion sickness as diagnostic signs in Parkinson’s disease

Motion sickness susceptibility and visually induced motion sickness as diagnostic signs in Parkinson’s disease

Recent developments in the understanding of the interactions between the vestibular system, memory, the hippocampus, and the striatum

Assessment of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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