Using Virtual Reality in E-Cigarette and Secondhand Aerosol Prevention Messages: Implications for Emotional Campaign Design

Xu, Zhan; Dam, Linda; Park, Suji

doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0231

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In line with the construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010) and the findings of previous studies, VR in this study might reduce temporal distance by making users "experience" the risk and "contract" the coronavirus at the moment (Ahn, 2015). It might also decrease hypothetical distance by visualizing and exaggerating the virus (Xu et al, 2023). Additionally, it might reduce spatial distance by making the virus look closer (Cahalane et al, 2022).…”

Section: Construal Levelsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This raised awareness also positively impacts beliefs about the efficacy of the flu vaccine in protecting others (Nowak et al, 2020). Another study finds that VR generates less vaping interest than print advertisements (Xu et al, 2023). Based on prior research, in the context of COVID-19, we may predict that VR messages will be more likely to increase risk perceptions and promote healthy behavior change than print messages (H1).…”

Section: Construal Level Theory and Vrmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Emotions. Drawing on previous research that has pinpointed the emotions evoked by VR messages that have the potential to facilitate desired results (Dozio et al, 2021;Kandaurova & Lee(Mark), 2019;Riva et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2023), self-reported levels of fear, anger, anxiety, disgust, sadness, shame, and guilt about the message were measured at Time 2 and Time 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, VR reduces temporal distance by making people "experience" the negative consequence of unhealthy behavior that will occur a long time from "now" (Ahn, 2015). VR decreases hypothetical distance by visualizing and exaggerating a risk (Xu et al, 2023) or providing a feeling of body transfer to make people experience others' feelings (Ahn et al, 2016). VR also reduces spatial distance by making physically distant subjects look closer (Cahalane et al, 2022).…”

Section: Construal Level Theory and Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the health domain, VR has mainly been used to train clinicians and medical students (Fox & Bailenson, 2009). Several VR interventions have demonstrated the promise of VR for health behavior change such as increasing intention to get the flu shot (Nowak et al, 2020) and physical activity (Fox & Bailenson, 2009) as well as decreasing vaping interest (Xu et al, 2023) and soft-drink consumption (Ahn, 2015). Using COVID-19 as a context, this study designs and tests VR campaigns based on the construal level theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating Virtual Reality in Public Health Campaigns: COVID-19 as the Context

Weser

Peng

et al. 2023

Social Science Computer Review

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One of the greatest challenges for public health campaigns is communicating health risks due to the existence of psychological distance. Using COVID-19 as a context, this study designed and tested virtual reality (VR) campaigns based on construal level theory. It assessed the immediate and after-effects of VR on COVID-19 preventive intentions/behaviors and risk perceptions. A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to see one of four messages: a VR message emphasizing self-interest, a VR message emphasizing other-interest, a print message emphasizing self-interest, or a print message emphasizing other-interest. Preventive intentions/behaviors were assessed at three different times: before, immediately after, and one week after the experimental treatment. Immediately following message exposure, participants exposed to the VR messages perceived a higher level of self-risk than those exposed to print messages. Disgust and fear mediated these effects. One week following message exposure, unvaccinated participants exposed to the VR messages had a higher intention to get vaccinated than those exposed to print messages. Recommendations on how to effectively utilize VR in health interventions are provided.

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Section: Construal Levelsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Construal Level Theory and Vrmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Construal Level Theory and Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Incorporating Virtual Reality in Public Health Campaigns: COVID-19 as the Context

Weser

Peng

et al. 2023

Social Science Computer Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Wu,

Benjamin,

Ross

et al. 2024

Health Communication

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Comparing virtual reality vs. augmented reality in promoting COVID-19 self-testing, vaccination, and preventive behaviors

Xu,

Dam

2024

DIGITAL HEALTH

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Objective Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are innovative technologies that can serve as effective tools for creating health interventions by altering psychological distance. Based on construal level theory and the reality-virtuality continuum, we designed, tested, and compared VR and AR campaigns to encourage proactive measures against COVID-19. Methods 143 participants were randomly assigned to one of three messages: VR, AR, and a CDC video, and completed surveys before, immediately, and one week following message exposure. Results VR and AR increased preventive intentions and behaviors against COVID-19 both in the short and long run. VR was particularly effective as it also increased risk perceptions, more preventive intentions in the short term, and more preventive behaviors, including social distancing and mask wearing, in the long term. VR was more efficient than AR in enhancing risk perceptions and preventive intentions right after being exposed to the messages as well as promoting behaviors such as avoiding crowds, maintaining social distance from others, and wearing a mask in indoor public areas one week later. Moreover, among the three conditions, VR was the only intervention that generated actual behavior change after one week, which indicated potential long-term advantages of VR compared to other mediums. VR decreased social, spatial, and hypothetical distances to a greater degree than AR. VR was more effective than video. However, AR was not more persuasive than video. Conclusions Insights gained from the findings extend beyond the pandemic phase, offering practical applications for employing VR and AR technologies in health campaigns.

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Using Virtual Reality in E-Cigarette and Secondhand Aerosol Prevention Messages: Implications for Emotional Campaign Design

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Incorporating Virtual Reality in Public Health Campaigns: COVID-19 as the Context

Incorporating Virtual Reality in Public Health Campaigns: COVID-19 as the Context

Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Comparing virtual reality vs. augmented reality in promoting COVID-19 self-testing, vaccination, and preventive behaviors

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