Using Virtual or Augmented Reality for the Time-Based Study of Complex Underwater Archaeological Excavations

Nawaf, Mohamad Motasem; Drap, Pierre; Ben-Ellefi, M.; Nocerino, Erica; Chemisky, Bertrand; Chassaing, T.; Colpani, A.; Noumossie, V.; Hyttinen, Kari; Wood, John R.; Gambin, Timmy; Sourisseau, Jean-Christophe

doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-viii-m-1-2021-117-2021

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Various projects exploring the application of Virtual and Augmented Reality in underwater locations aim to facilitate virtual exploration for non-divers, raise awareness, and advocate for Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) through educational games. Additionally, these technologies support in-depth examination, analysis of complex excavations, and monitoring their development over time [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]. The proposed 3D model, relying on 3D instance segmentation, is designed to consist of two distinct backend components and a unified frontend.…”

Section: Upcoming Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 3D Instance Segmentation for Archaeological Sites Using 2D Object Detection and Tracking

kamal Al-anni,

DRAP

2024

IJCDS

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This paper introduces an efficient method for 3D instance segmentation based on 2D object detection, applied to the photogrammetric survey images of archaeological sites. The method capitalizes on the relationship between the 3D model and the set of 2D images utilized to compute it. 2D detections on the images are projected and transformed into a 3D instance segmentation, thus identifying unique objects within the scene. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a semi-automatic image annotation method, augmented by an object tracking technique that leverages the temporal continuity of image sequences. Additionally, a novel ad-hoc evaluation process has been integrated into the conventional annotation-training-testing cycle to determine the necessity of additional annotations. This process tests the consistency of the 3D objects yielded by the 2D detection. The efficacy of the proposed method has been validated on the underwater site of Xlendi in Malta, resulting in complete and accurate 3D instance segmentation. Compared to traditional methods, the object tracking approach adopted has facilitated a 90% reduction in the need for manual annotations, The approach streamlines precise 3D detection, establishing a robust foundation for comprehensive 3D instance segmentation. This enhancement enriches the 3D survey, providing profound insights and facilitating seamless exploration of the Xlendi site from an archaeological perspective.

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Section: Upcoming Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 3D Instance Segmentation for Archaeological Sites Using 2D Object Detection and Tracking

kamal Al-anni,

DRAP

2024

IJCDS

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“…Numerous VR/AR applications in archaeology strive to improve and augment visitors' experiences during museum exhibitions or on-site excursions [79]. This technology can be utilized, for instance, to establish virtual platforms for analyzing distant archaeological sites [80] or for conducting time-based studies of intricate underwater archaeological excavations [81].…”

Section: Vr/ar Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Tools for Data Acquisition and Heritage Management in Archaeology and Their Impact on Archaeological Practices

Moullou,

Vital,

Sylaiou

et al. 2023

Heritage

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The significance of data acquisition in archaeological practice has consistently held great importance. Over the past few decades, the growing prevalence of digitization in acquiring data has significantly transformed the landscape of archaeological fieldwork, influencing both methodology and interpretation. The integration of digital photogrammetry and laser scanning technologies in archaeology has transformed data acquisition, enabling efficient and precise documentation. However, this digital shift raises concerns about information overload, the potential loss of on-site insights, and the need for suitable data management methods. Over the past 15 years, digital tools like photogrammetry, laser scanning, and unmanned aerial vehicles have advanced cultural heritage documentation. These methods offer detailed 3D models of archaeological sites, artifacts, and monuments, with evolving accessibility and user friendliness. This paper delves into methods for documenting cultural heritage, examining the implications of various approaches on the archaeologist’s workflow and on the field as a whole.

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“…In many underwater photogrammetry projects, especially in shallow water, the image acquisition is still carried out by divers using open circuit SCUBA or rebreather apparatuses, maybe assisted by a DPV (diver propulsion vehicle). Applications may range from ecological (Nocerino et al, 2020), to archaeology (Nawaf et al, 2021, Drap et al, 2015 and geological studies (Caruana et al, 2022). In these circumstances (such as in shallow water), underwater photogrammetry surveys carried out by divers have several advantages that make them preferred to remotely operated vehicles.…”

Section: Real-time Guidance For Diver-operated and Micro Rovs Underwa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frog: A Portable Underwater Mobile Mapping System

Menna

Battisti

Nocerino

et al. 2023

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Browsing the scientific and professional literature it appears that the concept of mobile mapping underwater is not as common as in ‘terrestrial’ applications. Nevertheless, exploring and mapping the ocean’s depths is a priority challenge for humankind, today more than ever. Radio waves, such as the GNSS or UWB signal, have a very limited transmission underwater, resulting in the absence of an underwater global positioning system. Consequently, the main sounding methods (i.e., depth measuring systems) are based on the fusion of inertial and acoustic sensors, which allow for systematic mapping of vast seafloor areas. However, photogrammetric surveying methods are preferred when high resolution and reliable colour information are essential aspects in the project economy. This class of approaches include visual odometry and visual SLAM (vSLAM), which represent a valid tool for navigation and positioning in GNSS-denied environments, such as underwater. In this paper, we present a portable underwater mobile mapping system, named FROG, which implements a vSLAM based solution to guide the survey according to photogrammetric principles. FROG is built upon the Guided Photogrammetry - GuPho concept and, thanks to its modular design, can be used by a diver or installed on a micro ROV and controlled remotely from a support vessel. In the paper, FROG characteristics will be detailed, and its potentialities demonstrated in real case applications at sea and in lakes.

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Using Virtual or Augmented Reality for the Time-Based Study of Complex Underwater Archaeological Excavations

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Efficient 3D Instance Segmentation for Archaeological Sites Using 2D Object Detection and Tracking

Efficient 3D Instance Segmentation for Archaeological Sites Using 2D Object Detection and Tracking

Digital Tools for Data Acquisition and Heritage Management in Archaeology and Their Impact on Archaeological Practices

Frog: A Portable Underwater Mobile Mapping System

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