Using various lines of evidence to identify Chironomus species (Diptera: Chironomidae) in eastern Canadian lakes

Proulx, Isabelle; Martin, Jon; Carew, Melissa E.; Hare, Landis

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.1

Cited by 30 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The interspecific genetic divergence observed in our data is in accordance with results for other groups of Chironomidae and other aquatic Diptera families, with values around 15% (Beckenbach and Borkent 2003; Sinclair and Gresens 2008; Proulx et al 2013; Silva et al 2013), corroborating the hypothesis that Groups A and B represents at least two distinct species. Group A is composed of specimens identified as Chironomus striatipennis and Chironomus kiiensis from different regions of Asia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Studies on the genetic intraspecific divergence in some Chironomidae genera have reported values between 0.5 and 2.3% (Sinclair and Gresens 2008; Silva et al 2013; Proulx et al 2013; Trivinho-Strixino et al 2012). Similar values were observed in studies on other insects, including some Diptera families (e.g., Beckenbach and Borkent 2003; Hamada et al 2010; Hernández-Triana et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Asiatic Chironomid in Brazil: morphology, DNA barcode and bionomics

Amora

Hamada

Fusari

et al. 2015

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In most freshwater ecosystems, aquatic insects are dominant in terms of diversity; however, there is a disproportionately low number of records of alien species when compared to other freshwater organisms. The Chironomidae is one aquatic insect family that includes some examples of alien species around the world. During a study on aquatic insects in Amazonas state (Brazil), we collected specimens of Chironomidae that are similar, at the morphological level, to Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga and Chironomus striatipennis Kieffer, both with distributions restricted to Asia. The objectives of this study were to provide morphological information on this Chironomus population, to investigate its identity using DNA barcoding and, to provide bionomic information about this species. Chironomus DNA barcode data were obtained from GenBank and Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and, together with our data, were analyzed using the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates and the genetic distances were estimated using the Kimura-2-parameter. At the morphological level, the Brazilian population cannot be distinguished either from Chironomus striatipennis or Chironomus kiiensis, configuring a species complex but, at the molecular level our studied population is placed in a clade together with Chironomus striatipennis, from South Korea. Bionomic characteristics of the Brazilian Chironomus population differ from the ones of Chironomus kiiensis from Japan, the only species in this species complex with bionomic information available. The Brazilian Chironomus population has a smaller size, the double of the number of eggs and inhabits oligotrophic water, in artificial container. In the molecular analysis, populations of Chironomus striatipennis and Chironomus kiiensis are placed in a clade, formed by two groups: Group A (which includes populations from both named species, from different Asiatic regions and our Brazilian population) and Group B (with populations of Chironomus kiiensis from Japan and South Korea). Genetic distance between the Brazilian population and specimens in Group A suggests that it was recently introduced in Brazil, and that its country of origin is probably South Korea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Asiatic Chironomid in Brazil: morphology, DNA barcode and bionomics

Amora

Hamada

Fusari

et al. 2015

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“…In OTU 13, a reference sequence and a sequenced adult were classified as different species within the genus Chironomus. For some Chironomus species, the COI barcode and morphological identification alone may be inadequate for establishing species level identifications (Ekrem et al, 2010, Proulx et al, 2013 For example, C. quinnitukqut is a part of the C. decorus group, and species within this group are often separated based on karyotype analysis (Martin et al, 2011). In OTU 21, Dicrotendipes simpsoni represents a species within the Dicrotendipes lucifer complex.…”

Section: Ambiguities Inconsistencies and Possible Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological identification and COI barcodes of adult flies help determine species identities of chironomid larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Failla

Vasquez

Hudson

et al. 2015

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Establishing reliable methods for the identification of benthic chironomid communities is important due to their significant contribution to biomass, ecology and the aquatic food web. Immature larval specimens are more difficult to identify to species level by traditional morphological methods than their fully developed adult counterparts, and few keys are available to identify the larval species. In order to develop molecular criteria to identify species of chironomid larvae, larval and adult chironomids from Western Lake Erie were subjected to both molecular and morphological taxonomic analysis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode sequences of 33 adults that were identified to species level by morphological methods were grouped with COI sequences of 189 larvae in a neighbor-joining taxon-ID tree. Most of these larvae could be identified only to genus level by morphological taxonomy (only 22 of the 189 sequenced larvae could be identified to species level). The taxon-ID tree of larval sequences had 45 operational taxonomic units (OTUs, defined as clusters with >97% identity or individual sequences differing from nearest neighbors by >3%; supported by analysis of all larval pairwise differences), of which seven could be identified to species or 'species group' level by larval morphology. Reference sequences from the GenBank and BOLD databases assigned six larval OTUs with presumptive species level identifications and confirmed one previously assigned species level identification. Sequences from morphologically identified adults in the present study grouped with and further classified the identity of 13 larval OTUs. The use of morphological identification and subsequent DNA barcoding of adult chironomids proved to be beneficial in revealing possible species level identifications of larval specimens. Sequence data from this study also contribute to currently inadequate public databases relevant to the Great Lakes region, while the neighbor-joining analysis reported here describes the application and confirmation of a useful tool that can accelerate identification and bioassessment of chironomid communities.

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“…

Currently there are nine larval types in the genus Chironomus based on the presence, absence or structure of the lateral and ventral tubules (Proulx et al 2013). We are now proposing a tenth type based on the posterior prolegs and the arrangement of the anal tubules -the yama-type.The reason for adding this type and the basis of the name is as follows:In 1980, Sublette and Martin described a new genus Yama, closely related to Chironomus, An unusual feature of the larva of Yama, not specifically mentioned in the description but illustrated in their figure 5a is the relatively long, rather tanypodine-like posterior prolegs, along with a 'star' arrangement of the anal tubules.Recently, one of us (DSC) collected very similar larvae from Manipur, India.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently there are nine larval types in the genus Chironomus based on the presence, absence or structure of the lateral and ventral tubules (Proulx et al 2013). We are now proposing a tenth type based on the posterior prolegs and the arrangement of the anal tubules -the yama-type.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%