Using Tunable Dispersion-Compensated Modules to Overcome the Power Penalty of a Millimeter-Wave Opto-Electronic Oscillator Signal that is Distributed via a Passive Optical Network for 5G Networks
Abstract:The opto-electronic oscillator (OEO), used as a high-frequency oscillator to produce millimeter-wave (mm-W) signals with a low phase noise, is a suitable candidate for fifth-generation (5G) networks in the mm-W range. Since a mm-W OEO is too expensive for every 5G base-station, another option is to employ the OEO at the central-office to feed the base-stations via a passive optical network (PON) infrastructure. The lengths of the PON branches introduce a large power penalty to the transmitted mm-W OEO signal d… Show more
“…The preliminary idea for the implementation of a TDCM was presented and supported by simulation results in Ref. 12. In this paper we provide additional support for the preliminary idea with an extensive experimental work.…”
This article proposes and examines a solution in which the base-station for the fifth generation radio access network is simplified by using a single millimeter-wave oscillator in the central-station and distributing its millimeter-wave signal to the base-stations. The system is designed in such a way that the low-phase-noise signal generated by an optoelectronic oscillator is transmitted from the central-station to multiple base-stations via a passive optical network infrastructure. A novel flexible approach with a single-loop optoelectronic oscillator at the transmitting end and a tunable dispersion-compensation module at the receiving end(s) is proposed to distribute a power-penalty-free millimeter-wave signal in the radio access network. Power-penalty-free signal transmission from 10 MHz up to 45 GHz with an optical length of 20 km is achieved by a combination of a tunable dispersioncompensation module and an optical delay line. In addition, measurements with a fixed modulation frequency of 39 GHz and discretely incrementing optical fiber lengths from 0.625 km to 20 km are shown. Finally, a preliminary idea for an automatically controlled feedback-loop tuning system is proposed as a further research entry point.
“…The preliminary idea for the implementation of a TDCM was presented and supported by simulation results in Ref. 12. In this paper we provide additional support for the preliminary idea with an extensive experimental work.…”
This article proposes and examines a solution in which the base-station for the fifth generation radio access network is simplified by using a single millimeter-wave oscillator in the central-station and distributing its millimeter-wave signal to the base-stations. The system is designed in such a way that the low-phase-noise signal generated by an optoelectronic oscillator is transmitted from the central-station to multiple base-stations via a passive optical network infrastructure. A novel flexible approach with a single-loop optoelectronic oscillator at the transmitting end and a tunable dispersion-compensation module at the receiving end(s) is proposed to distribute a power-penalty-free millimeter-wave signal in the radio access network. Power-penalty-free signal transmission from 10 MHz up to 45 GHz with an optical length of 20 km is achieved by a combination of a tunable dispersioncompensation module and an optical delay line. In addition, measurements with a fixed modulation frequency of 39 GHz and discretely incrementing optical fiber lengths from 0.625 km to 20 km are shown. Finally, a preliminary idea for an automatically controlled feedback-loop tuning system is proposed as a further research entry point.
“…However, the transmission of a high frequency signal over the length of the PON branches incurs a large power penalty due to chromatic dispersion effects. Furthermore transmitting MMW through the PON will require high-speed optical components [41]. To solve the direct upconversion problem, a low frequency signal transport scheme over the PON can be used to reduce a large power penalty due to chromatic dispersion [42].…”
Section: Remote Optical Heterodyne For 5g Mmw Upconversionmentioning
Next generation integrated fiber-wireless access networks will require low-cost and high capacity deployment to meet the customer demand. A new configuration of radio over fiber-passive optical network (RoF-PON) architecture, including two 60 GHz multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based on a 5G universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) waveform and wired signal utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), is described. At the optical line terminal MIMO signals are integrated as upper and lower sidebands of the wired OFDM signal. This integration approach employing single sideband frequency translation (SSB-FT) reduces the complexity of the transceiver design and provides high spectral efficiency because the two MIMO-RoF and wired signals transmit at the same frequency. Improved techniques are also employed to upconvert and downconvert the 60 GHz millimeter wave (MMW) being remote optical heterodyning and self-heterodyne, respectively. The MIMO-RoF signals are therefore transmitted at low frequency over the standard single mode fiber to avoid the impairments induced at higher frequencies and the remote optical local oscillator is reused to downconvert the two 60 GHz MMWs producing a costeffective system. Simulation results demonstrate very satisfactory network performance when using a downstream link over a 20 km span standard-PON.
“…In the case of fiber-optic access networks, chromatic dispersion compensation is usually not used, which requires it to be taken into account when designing the link. An alternative to static compensators can be dynamic tunable dispersion-compensation module (TDCM) compensation [30,31].…”
The paper presents a method of selecting an optical channel for transporting the double-sideband radio-frequency-over-fiber (DSB-RFoF) radio signal over the optical fronthaul path, avoiding the dispersion-induced power penalty (DIPP) phenomenon. The presented method complements the possibilities of a short-range optical network working in the flexible dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) format, where chromatic dispersion compensation is not applied. As part of the study, calculations were made that indicate the limitations of the proposed method and allow for the development of an algorithm for effective optical channel selection in the presence of the DIPP phenomenon experienced in the optical link working in the intensity modulation–direct detection (IM-DD) technique. Calculations were made for three types of single-mode optical fibers and for selected microwave radio carriers that are used in current systems or will be used in next-generation wireless communication systems. In order to verify the calculations and theoretical considerations, a computer simulation was performed for two types of optical fibers and for two selected radio carriers. In the modulated radio signal, the cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) format and the 5G numerology were used.
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