Using Trademarks to Measure Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services

Gotsch, Matthias; Hipp, Christiane

doi:10.22215/timreview790

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In turn, Gotsch and Hipp (2012) demonstrate that although trademarks are generally a suitable indicator of innovation in knowledge-intensive services at large, their explanatory power is considerably greater for product innovations. This is broadly consistent with their subsequent study reporting that the protection of new goods and services is the most important motive for filing a trademark application (see Gotsch and Hipp, 2014).…”

Section: The Use Of Service Marks and Innovation In The Service Sectorsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework

Nasirov

2018

SSRN Journal

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This paper represents an early attempt to develop an integrated framework linking empirical studies that make use of trademark statistics. Despite its youth, this field of scholarly activity has already accumulated a critical mass of papers that allow us to draw first general conclusions about the trademark lifecycle and its impact on organisational functioning. Based on a systematic review of 64 articles with some elements of empirical trademark analysis, five broad research areas have been identified, namely: the determinants of trademark deposits; the relationship between trademarks and innovation processes; the role of trademarks in differentiating product offerings; the strategic use of trademarks; and the impact of trademarks on firm performance. Within each category, a more detailed aggregation of articles has also been proposed. Overall, the analysis has shown that the performance-based perspective currently dominates the research landscape, with studies on trademark deposits and the trademark-innovation link to follow. At the same time, there is still little known about micro-foundations of a company's trademarking behaviour; the use of trademarks and other intellectual property rights in a complementary way and its effect on value transference; as well as the performance implications of differentiation strategy. This paper considers these and other findings to outline directions for future research.

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Section: The Use Of Service Marks and Innovation In The Service Sectorsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework

Nasirov

2018

SSRN Journal

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“…Early work was driven by a desire to study an increasingly important sector—services—where representative data were previously difficult to identify. Schmoch () and Mendonca, Pereira, and Godinho () used EU trademark data to examine innovative activity in high‐technology sectors, with follow‐on research by Schmoch and Gauche () and Goetsch and Hipp (). Graevenitz created what may be the first research‐ready dataset of EU community‐wide trademark registrations to examine how trademark owners use their reputations for enforcement in litigation (Graevenitz, ) and how the proliferation of related marks raises transaction costs for users (Graevenitz, ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monetizing marks: Insights from the USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset

Graham

Marco

Myers

2018

Economics Manag Strategy

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Attention to the asset value of intellectual property (IP) has traditionally concentrated on high-value patent sales and licenses. This narrow focus neglects nonpatent assets held by a broader set of economic agents, such as trademarks, and overlooks the evolving ways owners are employing and monetizing their intangible assets. To help remedy this deficiency, the Office of Chief Economist of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is releasing a series of datasets in formats convenient for researchers. This article describes the USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset, a database of over 785,000 transactions recorded during 1952-2013 affecting almost 4.2 million trademark registrations and applications. We provide a comprehensive description and present key trends, showing that among registrations issued during 1978-2013, more than 31% were affected by some transaction during their lives, 21%were transferred to different parties, and 12% were involved in at least one security interest agreement. Examining transaction rates by registration cohort, we find evidence that registered U.S. trademarks may be more likely to be traded than are U.S. patents. Other trends and findings are discussed. Despite limitations, these data open new avenues for research, particularly with respect to trademark collateralization and the market for brands. K E Y W O R D Sbrands, innovation, intellectual property, licensing, markets for technology, trademarks J E L C L A S S I F I C A T I O N :O3, L2, G1, G2, G3 INTRODUCTIONAttention to the asset value of intellectual property (IP) is often limited to high-value patent sales and licenses. This narrow focus not only neglects nonpatent assets-such as trademarks-held by a broader set of economic agents, but it also overlooks the evolving ways owners are employing and monetizing their IP assets beyond assignments and licensing agreements. One explanation for the lack of attention to nonpatent assets and their monetization is the dearth of data sources available to researchers and the public. To help remedy this deficiency and foster research on IP generally, the Office of Chief Economist at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO or Office) is releasing a series of datasets in formats more convenient for comprehensive analysis than data previously available. 1 This article describes the USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset (TMA Dataset), a relational database of assignments and other transactions that pertain to federally registered U.S. trademarks. 2 As defined in the United States, a trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, design, color, smell, sound, or combination thereof that identifies and distinguishes the goods and services of one party from those of others. 3 U.S. law prevents others from using J Econ Manage Strat. 2018;27:403-432.

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“…The result is a dataset with the number of economic and social (non‐)conditional provisions per state per year. I measure technological innovation with the (logged) number of trademarks, which is a standard measure in the innovation literature (Gotsch & Hipp, 2014). The number of trademarks in an economy is a valid proxy of the output of R&D in that economy, namely the number of inventions that are available on the market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Political Economy Approach to the Grammar of Institutions: Theory and Methods

Vannoni¹

2021

Policy Studies Journal

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This article proposes a political economy approach to the grammar of institutions, by building on the study of contracts in economics. First, I argue that more attention needs to be paid to the costs and benefits of institutions, thus allowing researchers to derive empirically testable hypotheses on the evolution of institutions. In this vein, the role of conditions in studying the grammar of institutions becomes central. Second, I propose, validate, and test an innovative method to study the grammar, based on computational linguistics. This method allows extracting the elements of the grammar in an automated and unsupervised manner, paving the way to large‐N analyses. In so doing, this article seeks to bridge the gap between public policy and political economy.

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Using Trademarks to Measure Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework

The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework

Monetizing marks: Insights from the USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset

A Political Economy Approach to the Grammar of Institutions: Theory and Methods

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