Using Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis in Everyday Urban Planning Processes

Ahmed, Faiz; Sekar, S. P.

doi:10.1007/s12061-014-9122-2

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The 2D GIS layer, workflow and CGA rule file were successfully read by CityEngine, demonstrating the power of the proposed 3D visualisation tool to take 2D GIS procedural modelling and construct a 3D model. This workflow improved the current procedural modellings [36,37] and addressed the challenge which arose in Section 2, which was the need for specialist skills or knowledge in 3D visualisation models [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Three-Dimensional Rule-Based City Modelling to Support Urban Redevelopment Process

Agius

Sabri

Kalantari

2018

IJGI

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Multi-dimensional representation of urban settings has received a great deal of attention among urban planners, policy makers, and urban scholars. This is due to the fact that cities grow vertically and new urbanism strategies encourage higher density and compact city development. Advancements in computer technology and multi-dimensional geospatial data integration, analysis and visualisation play a pivotal role in supporting urban planning and design. However, due to the complexity of the models and technical requirements of the multi-dimensional city models, planners are yet to fully exploit such technologies in their activities. This paper proposes a workflow to support non-experts in using three-dimensional city modelling tools to carry out planning control amendments and assess their implications. The paper focuses on using a parametric three-dimensional (3D) city model to enable planners to measure the physical (e.g., building height, shadow, setback) and functional (e.g., mix of land uses) impacts of new planning controls. The workflow is then implemented in an inner suburb of Metropolitan Melbourne, where urban intensification strategies require the planners to carry out radical changes in regulations. This study demonstrates the power of the proposed 3D visualisation tool for urban planners at taking two-dimensional (2D) Geographic Information System (GIS) procedural modelling to construct a 3D model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While it was identified that 3D models have been helpful in carrying on planning tasks, planners were reluctant to use 3D tools because of the complexity with regard to data integration and the ability to easily model an environment [11]. One of the major limitations in developing 3D models is that they require special skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Rule-Based City Modelling to Support Urban Redevelopment Process

Agius

Sabri

Kalantari

2018

IJGI

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“…Notice that these values are commonly used as a base in several spatial analyses. For instance, they are used in urban planning (Ahmed and Sekar, 2015), in the volumetric visibility analysis of urban environments (Fisher-Gewirtzman et al, 2013), energy estimations (Nouvel et al, 2013;Eicker et al, 2014), predicting thermal comfort (Chwieduk, 2009), predicting cooling requirements of buildings (Perez et al, 2013), in thermal simulations involving computational fluid dynamics (Hsieh et al, 2011;Maragkogiannis et al, 2014), in urban design evaluation (Yang et al, 2007), for calculating development densities (Meinel et al, 2009), and in investigating the urban heat island effect (van der Hoeven and Wandl, 2015).…”

Section: Proving the Specification With Geometric Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

333

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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“…3D city models are suitable to calculate the area of the exposed building shell. This information is useful in planning energy-efficient retrofitting, estimating indoor thermal comfort and energy consumption, analyzing the urban heat island effect, and further similar applications (Chwieduk, (Ahmed & Sekar, 2015), estimating the stock of materials in the building sector (Schebek et al, 2016), waste management (Mastrucci, Marvuglia, Popovici, Leopold, & Benetto, 2016), population estimation (Lwin & Murayama, 2009), quantifying development densities (Meinel, Hecht, & Herold, 2009), energy estimation (Eicker et al, 2014;Nouvel et al, 2013), and predicting thermal comfort (Chwieduk, 2009;Perez et al, 2013). (3) Solar irradiation of rooftops.…”

Section: Selection Of the Spatial Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acquisition error and level of detail on the accuracy of spatial analyses

Biljecki

Heuvelink

Ledoux

et al. 2017

Cartography and Geographic Information Science

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There has been a great deal of research about errors in geographic information and how they affect spatial analyses. A typical GIS process introduces various types of errors at different stages, and such errors usually propagate into errors in the result of a spatial analysis. However, most studies consider only a single error type thus preventing the understanding of the interaction and relative contributions of different types of errors. We focus on the level of detail (LOD) and positional error, and perform a multiple error propagation analysis combining both types of error. We experiment with three spatial analyses (computing gross volume, envelope area, and solar irradiation of buildings) performed with procedurally generated 3D city models to decouple and demonstrate the magnitude of the two types of error, and to show how they individually and jointly propagate to the output of the employed spatial analysis. The most notable result is that in the considered spatial analyses the positional error has a much higher impact than the LOD. As a consequence, we suggest that it is pointless to acquire geoinformation of a fine LOD if the acquisition method is not accurate, and instead we advise focusing on the accuracy of the data. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Using Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis in Everyday Urban Planning Processes

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Three-Dimensional Rule-Based City Modelling to Support Urban Redevelopment Process

Three-Dimensional Rule-Based City Modelling to Support Urban Redevelopment Process

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

The effect of acquisition error and level of detail on the accuracy of spatial analyses

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