Using thermochemical code EXPLO5 to predict the performance parameters of explosives

Sućeska, Muhamed; Tumara, Barbara Štimac; Künzel, Martin

doi:10.22211/matwys/0215

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“… ρ E – densities of ANFO, d in – inner tube diameter, w – thickness of confiner, D id – ideal detonation velocity (calculated by EXPLO5 thermochemical code [34]), D expt . – experimental detonation velocity, PMMA‐polymethyl methacrylate, PVC – polyvinyl chloride, PP‐polypropylene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…prevents the second term from blowing up when m C !0. By adding the thus modified second term to the EyringT A B L E 1 (Continued) Material d in (mm) W (mm) ρ E (g/cm 3 ) D expt , (km/s) D id (km/s) Ref.ρ E -densities of ANFO, d in -inner tube diameter, w -thickness of confiner, D id -ideal detonation velocity (calculated by EXPLO5 thermochemical code[34]), D expt . -experimental detonation velocity, PMMA-polymethyl methacrylate, PVC -polyvinyl chloride, PP-polypropylene.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive

Suceska,

Bohanek,

Dobrilovic

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Ammonium‐nitrate‐fuel‐oil (ANFO) explosive, one of the most used mining explosives, exhibits highly non‐ideal behaviour. The non‐ideality of the detonation is manifested in the strong dependence of the detonation velocity on the charge radius and existence and the characteristics of confinement. This can lead to the detonation velocities as low as one‐third of the ideal velocity. The literature reported experimental detonation velocities of cylindrical ANFO charges confined in different confiners (aluminium, copper, steel, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride) are analysed in this paper. An empirical confinement model, which relates the detonation velocity to the charge radius and the mass of the confiner to the mass of explosive ratio per unit length, is proposed. The model predicts the detonation velocity of unconfined and confined ANFO charges with a mean average percentage error of 8.8 %.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive

Suceska,

Bohanek,

Dobrilovic

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The velocity of detonation (VoD) of the PBX formulations using ATPGN with varying percentages of DADE content, such as 70, 75, 80, and 85%, were computed using the thermochemical code, namely, EXPLO5, 36,37 at 90% of theoretical maximum density. The detonation velocity for each explosive formulation was calculated using a built-in nonlinear curve fitting program to fit relative volume-pressure data along the expansion of isentrope according to the Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson equation of state.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Velocity Of Detonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Nitrate-Based Polymer-Bonded Explosives Derived from Sustainable Aza-Michael Reactions

Sheela,

Periya,

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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A novel nontoxic method for processing energetic binder, namely, polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN), using Aza-Michael reactions for deriving high-performance explosive formulations is being reported. The polyol binders used in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) including PGN are usually cross-linked using isocyanate leading to polyurethane (PU)-based cured solid networks. These reactions require mild reaction conditions and yield good mechanical properties for the PBX but remain challenging due to extraneous reactions of isocyanate resulting in defects in the cured blocks. In addition, the presence of nitrato groups in the vicinity of terminal hydroxyl groups of PGN results in the decuring of cross-linked urethane that affects the storage life of PBX, though PGN-based binder can provide an 18% improvement in the velocity of detonation of PBX at lower solid loadings of 70%. This prevents researchers from exploiting the major performance advantage of using PGN for PBX compositions. This article herein features a green and mild aza-Michael reaction for functional modification of PGN using readily available substrates and triethylene tetramine to form a cross-linked β-aminocarbonyl network. The methodology ensures a void-free, stable, cured network and offers an effective replacement for toxic cure chemistry currently employed for processing of PBX.

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“…The detonation properties of the studied AN mixtures were calculated using the EX-PLO5 thermochemical code [33,34]. The code predicts the detonation properties (e.g., velocity, pressure, energy, heat, temperature, etc.)…”

Section: Thermochemical Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonability of Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures with the Addition of Organic Materials

Škrlec,

Sućeska,

Dobrilović

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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As an oxygen carrier and a strong oxidising agent, ammonium nitrate can create an explosive mixture when mixed with organic material. A typical example is the mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO), which is the most used explosive for civilian applications. In this work, we studied the detonability and detonation properties of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with recycled rubber and hay. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal volume ratio of ammonium nitrate and organic materials in terms of achieving the best performance (working capacity). Using small experiments, it was determined that the maximum burst velocity for the ammonium nitrate/hay mixture is achieved at 8% hay by volume, while the maximum burst velocity for the ammonium nitrate/rubber mixture is achieved at 15% rubber by volume. A thermochemical calculation has shown that the maximum detonation heat is achieved at the zero oxygen balance at the volume ratios of 89.2/10.8 for AN/Rubber and 72.85/27.15 for AN/Hay.

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Using thermochemical code EXPLO5 to predict the performance parameters of explosives

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive

An empirical confinement model for ANFO explosive

Energetic Nitrate-Based Polymer-Bonded Explosives Derived from Sustainable Aza-Michael Reactions

Detonability of Ammonium Nitrate Mixtures with the Addition of Organic Materials

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