OBJECTIVE -To examine the association of stage of change with diet and exercise behaviors in response to a lifestyle intervention for Native Hawaiians (NHs).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A family ('ohana) support lifestyle intervention was compared with a standard intervention in NHs with or at risk for diabetes in two rural communities in Hawaii (n ϭ 147). Stage of change, as a hypothesized mediator of behavior change, and dietary and exercise behaviors were measured at baseline and at 1 year postintervention.RESULTS -Stage of change was significantly associated with positive dietary and exercise behaviors. NHs receiving the 'ohana support (OS) intervention were more likely to advance from pre-action to action/maintenance for fat intake and physical activity than the group who received the standard intervention. Participants in the OS group who advanced from pre-action to action/ maintenance showed more improvement in fat intake and physical activity than those in the standard group.CONCLUSIONS -These initial findings suggest that stage of change is an important factor in mediating lifestyle behavior changes in persons with or at risk for diabetes and merits further study among minority populations at high risk for diabetes.
Diabetes Care 24:1770 -1775, 2001N ative Hawaiians (NHs), the indigenous people of Hawaii, have the second highest rate of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. and have an increased risk for new cases of diabetes due to high rates of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance syndrome (1-4). Diet and exercise habits play a major role in the management and prevention of diabetes, and not surprisingly, a variety of interventions have been developed to address these adverse lifestyle behaviors (5-8). Unfortunately, few intervention programs have evaluated the process of changing lifestyle behaviors in individuals with diabetes, and furthermore, successful lifestyle behavior changes have not been consistently reported by all programs. Even less is known about how these processes may unfold in unique high-risk populations such as NHs. Understanding the process of behavior change may provide insight into the variable rates of success found and may also aid in the development of more effective methods for improving lifestyle behaviors in individuals with diabetes.The process of changing behaviors is complex, and several theories have been proposed to predict and/or explain observed lifestyle behaviors (9 -11). The Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change has been successfully used to predict diet and physical activity behaviors (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Unfortunately, few studies have included individuals with chronic diseases or a significant number of ethnic minorities. Therefore, the Native Hawaiian Diabetes Intervention Program (NH-DIP) sought to evaluate the Stages of Change model as a potential mediator in changing lifestyle behaviors in NHs with or at risk for diabetes.The NHDIP was a 4-year research project in which the main objective was to determine whether ...