Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act Evaluation Framework to Improve the Recruitment of Women Experiencing Homelessness

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Strategic recruitment is necessary to reach recruiting goals when conducting research with vulnerable and transient populations, such as postpartum women experiencing homelessness. The current study evaluated the recruitment process for a qualitative study using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method. Methods: In a study conducting semistructured interviews about reproductive interconception care barriers and facilitators for local women who were recently pregnant and homeless in 2022, PDSA cycles were used to improve community organizations' assistance with identifying participants, facilitate screening and interviewing processes, and ensure participants were safeguarded. Results: Iterative PDSA cycles were conducted across a 20-week period. Ultimately, 12 women were interviewed, with increasing participant location and organizational assistance over time. Following 4 key lessons were identified: provide in-person and remote options for conducting data collection; include fair compensation that balances time versus study coercion; weigh feasibility versus importance of sample size with eligibility criteria; and support partnerships with organization connections. Conclusions: The PDSA method served as a parsimonious framework for evaluation. The lessons learned will help facilitate future recruitment efforts for this difficult-to-recruit and vulnerable population.