“…The HAI has previously been assessed with samples of unemployed job seekers (Amundson et al, 2016;Clarke et al, 2016), individuals in career transition (Niles, Yoon, Balin, et al 2010), university students (Amundson et al, 2013;Yoon et al, 2015), healthcare professionals (Santilli et al, 2020), refugees (Yoon et al, 2019), and individuals with histories of problematic substance use (Currie et al, 2023). Previous research assessing the psychometric properties of the HAI, or its predecessors, have reported good model fit, adequate internal consistency reliability, and supportive evidence for construct validity, including once for problematic substance users (Currie et al,2023;Schreiber et al, 2013;Schindler et al, 2014;Yoon, 2017;Yoon et al, 2015;Yoon et al, 2020).…”