Using the decision ladder to understand road user decision making at actively controlled rail level crossings

Mulvihill, Christine; Salmon, Paul M.; Beanland, Vanessa; Lenné, Michael G.; Read, Gemma J. M.; Walker, Guy H.; Stanton, Neville A.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.02.013

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Each CDM focused on a single RLX encounter, which yielded a total of 12 interviews about stop-controlled RLXs (and 32 focusing on other RLXs). CDM has been used to examine naturalistic decision making across a range of domains (Hoffman et al, 1998;Plant and Stanton, 2013;Stanton et al, 2007), including RLXs (Mulvihill et al, 2016). Although CDM was developed to study expert decisionmaking, it has been successfully adapted to examine decision-making while driving (Beanland et al, 2016;Stanton et al, 2007;Walker et al, 2009;Young et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One option for future research would be to conduct a long-term self-report study of road users who commonly encounter passive RLXs; for instance, asking drivers to keep a diary record of how many RLXs they encounter each day and the events that occur. We previously used a similar method to explore how road users make stop-go decisions at RLXs, with the diary questions structured around CDM prompts (Beanland et al, 2016;Mulvihill et al, 2016). However, participants only completed the CDM if they saw a train on approach to the RLX, so the data yielded very few encounters with passive crossings.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Safety issues are prevalent at rail level crossings (RLXs) worldwide (Evans, 2011;Mulvihill et al, 2016;Pyrgidis et al, 2016). Accordingly, a range of active and passive traffic control devices are used to guide road user decision-making at RLXs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To stop or not to stop: Contrasting compliant and non-compliant driver behaviour at rural rail level crossings

Beanland

Salmon

Filtness

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Many rail level crossings (RLXs) have only passive protection, such as static signs instructing road users to stop, yield, or look for trains. Stop signs have been suggested as a low-cost option to improve safety at passive RLXs, as requiring drivers to stop should encourage safe behaviour. However, field observations have noted high rates of non-compliance at stop-controlled RLXs. To explore this further, we conducted an on-road study to identify factors that influence compliance at stop-controlled RLXs. Twenty-two drivers drove a 30.5km route in rural Australia, encompassing three stop-controlled RLXs. In over half of all cases (59%) drivers stopped completely at the RLX; on 27% of crossings drivers executed a rolling stop, and on 14% of crossings drivers violated the stop controls. Rolling stops were defined as a continuous deceleration to <10km/h, but remaining above 0km/h, before accelerating to >10km/h. Behavioural patterns, including visual checks and decision-making, were similar when comparing drivers who made complete versus rolling stops. Non-compliant drivers did not differ from compliant drivers in approach speeds, but spent less time visually checking for trains. Post-drive interviews revealed some drivers wilfully disregarded the stop sign, whereas others did not notice the stop sign. Those who intentionally violated noted trains were infrequent and suggested sight distance was good enough (even though all crossings had been formally assessed as having inadequate sight distance). Overall the results suggest most drivers exhibit safe behaviour at passive RLXs, but a notable minority disregard or fail to notice signs. Potential avenues for redesigning passive RLXs to improve safety are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To stop or not to stop: Contrasting compliant and non-compliant driver behaviour at rural rail level crossings

Beanland

Salmon

Filtness

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…(2 [54,95] 和组织分析 [103,104] . 然而该过程无法对团队之间的交互进行建模, 因此有学者提出了团队-CWA分析 [10,55,105] [82,83] 、活动分配 [38,84] 、交通行为分析 [35,85,86] 、公共设施设计 [87,88] Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is one of most important means in the design of man-machine system, which has already been widely used in the area of aviation, military, transportation, energy and medical. This method contributes to the safety of complex manmachine system, extensibility of system functions, adaptation of human interaction as well as economy of life circle cost.…”

Section: 于2005年之前数量上增长了24倍这与2005年之后的mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive work analysis in design of complex man-machine system: A review of theory, technology and research development

Niu¹,

Fang²,

Guo³

et al. 2018

Sci. Sin.-Tech.

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“…The CDM (Klein et al, 1989) is a semi‐structured interview technique that uses cognitive prompts to elicit information and facilitate understanding of the inputs and cues which aid decision‐making. The method has been used extensively to examine decision‐making in different contexts (Mulvihill et al, 2016; Read et al, 2016; Righi & Saurin, 2015; Wachs et al, 2016), with notable recent applications examining system‐wide influence by mapping CDM data onto Rasmussen's risk management framework (Donovan et al, 2017; Goode et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All in a day's work: Towards improved understanding of safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks in mining

Donovan

Salmon

Horberry

et al. 2020

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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This article examines safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks conducted across a mining work system. Applying a systems‐thinking methodology, a modified version of the critical decision method (CDM) interview technique was used to examine decision‐making and behavior in association with five safety‐related tasks executed across the work system; hazard identification, inspections, standard operating procedure development, task observation and return to work coordination activities. Data were mapped onto Rasmussen's risk management framework to explore the characteristics of safety leadership decision‐making and behavior which occurred across the work system to support successful task execution. Vertical integration was present and was associated with a core set of decision‐making elements and leadership behaviors that facilitated the communication and exchange of information within and across the work system in association with tasks executed. In addition, different profiles of decision‐making characteristics and behavioral engagement were evident at different system levels, which indicated variability in safety leadership was required to support successful task execution across the work system. Task type was found to influence safety leadership, with structured tasks demonstrating less intensive decision‐making and behavioral engagement requirements than unstructured tasks. The findings add to the knowledge base on safety leadership through improved understanding of the concept, its occurrence across tasks and work system levels, and the factors which influence it to support safe system functioning. Future research endeavors and practical implications are discussed.

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Using the decision ladder to understand road user decision making at actively controlled rail level crossings

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

To stop or not to stop: Contrasting compliant and non-compliant driver behaviour at rural rail level crossings

To stop or not to stop: Contrasting compliant and non-compliant driver behaviour at rural rail level crossings

Cognitive work analysis in design of complex man-machine system: A review of theory, technology and research development

All in a day's work: Towards improved understanding of safety leadership during regular safety‐related tasks in mining

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