Using the Decision-Ladder to Add a Formative Element to Naturalistic Decision-Making Research

Jenkins, Daniel P.; Stanton, Neville A.; Salmon, Paul M.; Walker, Guy H.; Rafferty, Laura

doi:10.1080/10447310903498700

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These conclusions on expert cognition have since been replicated in a wide range of domains and have had a significant impact on the understanding of expertise. For example, Jenkins, Stanton, Salmon, Walker, and Rafferty (2010) found that experts will 'leap' or 'shunt' between decision stages to facilitate rapid and intuitive action, whereas novice decision-makers are more analytical and linear in their decision-making. Experts are also able to 'reflect in action' during the decision-making process to reduce situation uncertainty and ensure that their actions remain consistent with the changing environment (Cristancho, Vanstone, Lingard, LeBel, & Ott, 2013;Sch€ on, 1987;van den Heuvel, Alison, & Power, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Decision inertia: Deciding between least worst outcomes in emergency responses to disasters

Alison

Power

Heuvel

et al. 2015

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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This study demonstrates how naturalistic decision-making (NDM) can be usefully applied to study 'decision inertia'-Namely the cognitive process associated with failures to execute action when a decision-maker struggles to choose between equally perceived aversive outcomes. Data assessed the response and recovery from a sudden impact disaster during a 2-day immersive simulated emergency response. Fourteen agencies (including police, fire, ambulance, and military) and 194 participants were involved in the exercise. By assessing the frequency, type, audience, and content of communications, and by reference to five subject matter experts' slow time analyses of critical turning points during the incident, three barriers were identified as reducing multiagency information sharing and the macrocognitive understanding of the incident. When the decision problem was non-time-bounded, involved multiple agencies, and identification of superordinate goals was lacking, the communication between agencies decreased and agencies focused on within-agency information sharing. These barriers distracted teams from timely and efficient discussions on decisions and action execution with seeking redundant information, which resulted in decision inertia. Our study illustrates how naturalistic environments are conducive to examining relatively understudied concepts of decision inertia, failures to act, and shared situational macrocognition in situations involving large distributed teams. Practitioner points Researchers can use NDM to explore the cognitive processing associated with failures to act/decision inertia. Complexities in the decision-making environment of a multiteam system (e.g., non-time-bounded choice, large team size, and lack of strategic goals) are associated with decision-making failures. Barriers cause decision inertia as teams focus on redundant intra-agency information seeking rather than cooperative interagency communications. Strategic direction is especially important for shifting multiteam system communication towards interagency discussions on action execution. If the behavioural implementation of making a decision is the execution of action (Lipshitz, Klein, Orasanu, & Salas, 2001; Yates, 2003), then failing to make a decision (e.g., making an executive choice) is when action execution fails. Traditional decision-making

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confidence: 99%

Decision inertia: Deciding between least worst outcomes in emergency responses to disasters

Alison

Power

Heuvel

et al. 2015

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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“…In addition, while Vicente (1999) and Naikar (2010) characterise cognitive task analysis (CTA; e.g. Klein, 1993) as being descriptive rather than formative, others (Militello & Klein, 2013;Lintern, 2010;Jenkins et al, 2009) have suggested that the data obtained from CTA could also contribute to a formative analysis. As there is a precedent for the use of CTA methods in healthcare (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the territory of renal care: a formative analysis of the cognitive work involved in managing acute kidney injury

et al. 2019

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The design and evaluation of healthcare work systems requires an understanding of the cognitive work involved in healthcare tasks. Previous studies suggest that a formative approach would be particularly useful to examine healthcare activities for this purpose. In the present study, methods from cognitive work analysis and cognitive task analysis are combined in a formative examination of managing acute kidney injury, an activity that occurs across primary and secondary healthcare settings. The analyses are informed by interviews with healthcare practitioners and a review of practice guidelines. The findings highlight ways in which the task setting influenced practitioners' activity, and ways in which practitioners approached the activity (for example, how they used data to make decisions). The approach taken provided a rich understanding of the cognitive work involved, as well as generating suggestions for the design of work systems to support the clinical task.

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“…This decision was then broken down into a number of decision steps. Rasmussen's decision ladder [9] was used as a guide to check that major aspects of the decision making process were addressed. Each decision step was then reviewed as to how it was currently performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Requirements for Effective Hybrid Decision Making with Evolvable Assembly Systems

Golightly

Sanderson

Holmes

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics

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This paper examines 10 challenges for making automation a team player (Klein et al., 2004) in the context of Evolvable Assembly Systems (EAS) with the aim of delivering requirements for effective hybrid human-automation decision making. Specific decision making use cases for a demonstrator system were analysed to capture opportunities and requirements for effective human-agent cooperative decision making. These requirements covered agent design, human-machine interface design, context aware computing requirements and human competency. As such, the paper provides concrete examples of how general principles for hybrid decision making can be applied to EAS, and presents a pilot of a method for future requirements elicitation. Author KeywordsHuman-machine interface requirements; human-agent collaboration; human factors for manufacturing.

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Using the Decision-Ladder to Add a Formative Element to Naturalistic Decision-Making Research

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Decision inertia: Deciding between least worst outcomes in emergency responses to disasters

Decision inertia: Deciding between least worst outcomes in emergency responses to disasters

Mapping the territory of renal care: a formative analysis of the cognitive work involved in managing acute kidney injury

Design Requirements for Effective Hybrid Decision Making with Evolvable Assembly Systems

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