Using the Concept of Food Based Dietary Guidelines to Develop an Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) for German Children and Adolescents

Kersting, Mathilde; Alexy, Ute; Clausen, Kerstin

doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000153887.19429.70

Cited by 103 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, in a recent evaluation of the DONALD Study, we could show a trend towards RTEC breakfasts (Alexy et al, 2010 (under review)), but with a low effect of RTECs and mueslis on whole grain intake, as shown by the present evaluation. Total grain intake corresponded well with the German FBDG for children and adolescents, especially in the younger age groups (Kersting et al, 2005). The German FBDG recommend between 120 g grain per day for 2-3 year olds and 350 g for 15-to 18-year-old males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend the consumption of at least half the recommended grain serving as whole grains from over two years of age at each calorie levels (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). The German FBDG for children and adolescents also recommend that half the amount of grains should be consumed as whole grain (Kersting et al, 2005). In the British FBDG a high intake of starchy food and the predominant choice of whole grain varieties is recommended (British Nutrition Foundation (BNF), 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole grain in children's diet: intake, food sources and trends

2010

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Objective: To quantify the intake of grain and whole grain, and their food sources, as well as to investigate the age and time trends over the last decade in a sample of German children and adolescents. Methods: Dietary records from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study were used for conducting this work. A total of 5067 3-day weighed dietary records of 821 2-to 18-year-old children and adolescents collected between 1997 and 2008 were analysed using linear mixed-effect models, in which the means of the data and the covariance structure (children of the family, repeated measurements) were modelled. Results: Mean whole-grain intake was between 20 and 33 g/day in the sample and highest in 13-18 year olds. No whole grain intake was recorded in 19% of all dietary records. Total grain intake increased significantly with age (Po0.0001), even after adjustment for energy intake. Whole-grain intake (g/day) increased significantly with age in the unadjusted model (Po0.0001). This increase disappeared after adjustment for energy intake (P40.05) and became a negative trend after adjustment for grain intake (Po0.01). There were no significant time trends during the study period. Bread had the highest effect on grain intake in the total sample (50%), followed by rice/pasta (21%), cake (13%), grain (9%), RTECs (5%) and muesli (2%). Conclusions: The whole-grain intake in this sample of German children and adolescents was far below the FBDG. The decreasing percentage of whole grain per grain intake with age contradicts the common concept of stable dietary habits during childhood and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole grain in children's diet: intake, food sources and trends

2010

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“…In the OMD (18) and FGP recommendations (19) one glass of 100 % fruit juice (200 ml) can be counted as one portion of fruit. Median intake of fruit and vegetable juice was 100 ml/d in girls and boys of both age groups (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weight was measured with an electronic scale to the nearest 0?1 kg, and height was measured with a telescopic stadiometer to the nearest 0?1 cm. BMI was (18) .…”

Section: Anthropometric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Diethelm

Jankovic

Moreno

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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174

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Objective: Since inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are not only linked with the occurrence of obesity in youth but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases in adulthood, the establishment and maintenance of a healthy diet early in life is of great public health importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe and evaluate the food consumption of a well-characterized sample of European adolescents against food-based dietary guidelines for the first time. Design: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, whose main objective was to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12?5-17?5 years. Setting: Ten cities in Europe. Subjects: The initial sample consisted of more than 3000 European adolescents. Among these, 1593 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and food intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software. Results: Food intake of adolescents in Europe is not optimal compared with the two food-based dietary guidelines, Optimized Mixed Diet and Food Guide Pyramid, examined in this study. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk (and milk products), but consume much more meat (and meat products), fats and sweets than recommended. However, median total energy intake may be estimated to be nearly in line with the recommendations. Conclusion:The results urge the need to improve the dietary habits of adolescents in order to maintain health in later life. Keywords Food intakeEurope Adolescents HELENA StudyInadequate food consumption patterns during childhood and adolescence are linked not only with the occurrence of obesity in youth (1) , but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases such as cancer (2) , obesity (3) and CVD (4) in adulthood. Adolescence is a potentially critical period for body composition in later life and the development of y See Appendix for full list of HELENA Study Group members.

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“…In the present study we assessed the dietary intake of the TEENDIAB children, and measured it against the German Dietary Reference Intakes on the nutrient level (13) and against the Optimized Mixed Diet recommendations developed by the Research Institute of Child Nutrition in Dortmund (14,15) on the food level. Furthermore, we compared the intake data of the TEENDIAB children with those of a representative sample of children aged 12 years from the EsKiMo study, the nutrition module of KiGGS, the German Health Interview and Examination Survey of Children and Adolescents (16) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the diet of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: first results from the TEENDIAB study

Weber

Raab

Haupt

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is potentially influenced by nutrition. The aim of our study was to assess food and nutrient intakes of children at increased risk of T1D. Design: Dietary intake of the last 4 weeks was assessed using a diet history interview. The daily nutrient and food intakes were compared with the German Dietary Reference Intakes, the Optimized Mixed Diet recommendations and those of a representative sample of children from the EsKiMo study. Setting: Children included in the analysis participated in the prospective TEENDIAB study. Subjects: First-degree relatives of people with T1D (n 268), aged 8-12 years. Results: The TEENDIAB children consumed 52?0 % of their total energy from carbohydrates, 32?6 % from fat and 14?3 % from protein. Compared with the reference values, their intake was lowest for folate at 61?3 % of the reference, for iodine at 58?1 % and for vitamin D at 8?9 %, and exceeded the reference for vitamin K about 5-fold, for Na about 3?5-fold and for protein about 1?5-fold. Their nutrient intakes were similar to those of a control cohort without increased T1D risk. The consumption of non-desirable food groups (meat products, sweets/snacks) was above the recommendations and the consumption of desirable food groups (fruits, vegetables, carbohydrate-rich foods) was below the recommendations. Conclusions: The TEENDIAB children had intakes considerably below the recommendations for vitamin D, iodine, folate and plant-based foods, and intakes above for vitamin K, Na, protein, meat products and sweets/snacks. They showed similar dietary patterns to non-risk children.

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Using the Concept of Food Based Dietary Guidelines to Develop an Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) for German Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Exact menus and food amounts are a prerequisite to ascertain nutrient adequacy of FBDG. The OMD demonstrates that a single diet concept with a core of quantified food groups can be adequate for age groups between 1 and 18 years within a country, such as Germany.

Cited by 103 publications

References 37 publications

Whole grain in children's diet: intake, food sources and trends

Whole grain in children's diet: intake, food sources and trends

Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Evaluating the diet of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: first results from the TEENDIAB study

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