“…In recent years, studies of teaching presence have tended to focus on either validating one or more of its elements (Arbaugh, 2007;Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2010;Shea, Hayes, & Vickers, 2010) or on the impact of teaching presence in a multitude of different teaching settings. These settings include formal classroom and online teaching environments (Shea, Li, & Pickett, 2006), coaching (Stenbom, Hrastinski, & Cleveland-Innes, 2012), collaborative wikis (Daspit & D'Souza, 2012), and onsite facilitation (de la Varre, Keane, & Irvin, 2011).…”