Using the Affiliate Stigma Scale with caregivers of people with dementia: psychometric evaluation

Chang, Chih Cheng; Su, Jian; Lin, Chung‐Ying

doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0213-y

Cited by 57 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Affiliate Stigma Scale (Chang, Su, & Lin, ; Chang et al., ; Mak & Cheung, ) was used to measure self‐stigma (internalization of stigma) among caregivers. This scale consists of three domains, namely, affect, cognitive and behaviour, and uses a 4‐point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Shi

Shao

et al. 2018

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? A growing body of qualitative and quantitative research has investigated the experiences of affiliated stigma for family members of PWMI. Some findings are contradictory and have not been considered systematically. What does the paper adds to existing knowledge? Family caregivers of PWMI may encounter affiliate stigma, but no systematic review or meta‐analysis has been conducted to evaluate affiliate stigma among them. We identified eight variables significantly related to affiliate stigma among caregivers of PWMI. The findings can be used to help clinical practice to develop health promotion and prevention strategies. What are the implications for practice? Affiliate stigma was prevalent among the family caregivers of PWMI and is important for clinicians to consider. Health‐focused interventions for family caregivers can mediate the impact of affiliated stigma through provision of social support by practitioners, such as respite care based on the “Senses Framework,” self‐help groups and online support program. And the caregivers of PWMI might benefit from further support (e.g., psychoeducation) to improve their knowledge about mental illness. Abstract IntroductionMany studies have investigated the correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness (PWMI). Thus far, no systematic review or meta‐analysis has been conducted to synthesize these results. Aims/QuestionThis review aims to identify the correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of PWMI. MethodWe searched four databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies that investigated the association of affiliate sigma with socio‐demographic, psychosocial and disease‐related factors. ResultsTwenty‐two studies including 3,381 participants met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen variables were included for the meta‐analysis. For disease‐related characteristics, only “disease attribution” and “care time/day” were associated with affiliate stigma. For psychosocial characteristics, “support from others,” “burden,” “depression,” “stress,” “distress” and “face concern” were related to affiliate stigma. DiscussionThis review is the first to assess the association of affiliate stigma with other characteristics of interest. However, the findings are limited due to a very small number of studies. Researchers should conduct in‐depth study in this area and improve the quality of the literature. Implications for practiceHealth‐focused interventions for family caregivers such as respite care, self‐help groups, online support program and psychosocial education can mediate the impact of affiliated stigma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Shi

Shao

et al. 2018

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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“…The affiliate stigma scale, which was developed by Mak and Cheung [12] and validated by Chang [27], was used in this study to assess the internalized stigma of caregivers of family members with a mental illness in Taiwan [28]. This instrument comprises three domains: cognitive, affect, and behavioral domains.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Family Caregiver Burden and Affiliate Stigma in the Families of People with Dementia

Chang

2020

IJERPH

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Family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) have a heavy care burden. Affiliate stigma is the stigma internalized by individuals associated with PWD. Limited research has addressed the affiliate stigma among caregivers of PWD and its influence on caregiver burden. Thus, our study investigated the burden of caregivers of PWD and its relationship with affiliate stigma. In addition, we examined the factors related to affiliate stigma. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a general hospital in Taiwan. We recruited 270 PWD and their family caregivers from the outpatient department. Relevant demographic and clinical assessment data of the patients and caregivers were evaluated. Regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with affiliate stigma. In total, 23.7% of the family caregivers had depression and 37.4% had anxiety. Male caregivers had higher levels of anxiety and heavier care burdens related to affiliate stigma compared with female caregivers. Moreover, characteristics such as younger age and low levels of dependence in daily activities among PWD were associated with increased affiliate stigma. A higher family caregiver burden was related to more severe affiliate stigma. Interventions for decreasing the family caregiver burden might reduce the effect of affiliate stigma.

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“…This empirically confirmed valid and reliable tool examines the affective, cognitive and behavioural aspects of stigma. The Affiliate Stigma Scale had satisfactory internal consistency and concurrent validity ( r = 0.290–0.628 with caregiver burden, 0.391–0.612 with depression, 0.367–0.467 with anxiety and −0.590 to −0.365 with quality of life) (Chang, Su, & Lin, 2016). Because the psychometric evaluations of the scale have been positive, healthcare providers widely use it to understand caregivers' perspectives and affiliate stigma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐stigma and its associations with stress and quality of life among Malaysian parents of children with autism

Chu

Park

Lee

et al. 2020

Child

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Background This study explored the relationship between self‐perceived stigmatization (affiliate stigma), stress and quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method Participants (N = 110) filled‐in the Affiliate Stigma Scale, the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the CarerQOL scale. Results Parents reported low scores on stigma and fair levels of stress and quality of life, indicating that parents do not feel stigmatized by affiliation with a child with ASD nor are they stressed from affiliate stigma. After controlling for demographic factors, both the relationships of affiliate stigma with stress and with quality of life were weak, indicating that stigma may have little to no effect on stress and quality of life. Conclusion Cultural and religious beliefs may play a part in the acceptance of a child's condition, resulting in less impact of stigma on the parents.

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Using the Affiliate Stigma Scale with caregivers of people with dementia: psychometric evaluation

Cited by 57 publications

References 41 publications

Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Correlates of affiliate stigma among family caregivers of people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Association Between Family Caregiver Burden and Affiliate Stigma in the Families of People with Dementia

Self‐stigma and its associations with stress and quality of life among Malaysian parents of children with autism

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