“…Besides incorporating successful elements of the previously constructed effective heuristic algorithms (Fernandes, Rocha, Aloise, Ribeiro, Santos & Silva, 2014), the proposed HEA gains pretty good balance between quality of solutions and computational time in two respects: 1) incorporating local search strategy to enhance the quality of the elitist individuals, and 2) introducing approximating fitness evaluation approach based on the ELM to alleviate the computational burden of the HEA. The idea of introducing fitness approximation has been proven to be effective and efficient in solving complex continuous optimization problems (Jin, Olhofer & Sendhoff, 2002;Hacioglu, 2007;Zheng, Chen, Liu & Huang, 2016).…”