Using stochastic risk assessment in setting information priorities for managing dioxin impact from a municipal waste incinerator

Evaluation of Incremental Population and Individual Carcinogenic Risks of PCDD/Fs from Steel and Iron Industry in Taiwan by a Site-specific Health Risk Assessment Method

“…The inhalation risk of twelve emission sources (one sinter plant and eleven electric arc furnaces) is higher than 1E-08. The incremental inhalation risk in the impact area is much greater than the total risks in other regions in Taiwan (Ma 2002;Lee et al, 2004) and other kinds of emission sources (Llobet et al, 2003;Cangialosi et al, 2008). Thus, the results above suggest that the resident living in the impact range would experience higher dioxin risks from inhalation and ingestion.…”

“…From previous studies, the main exposure pathway of the dioxin risk were dietary intake, normally accounting for more than 90% of the total risk (Ma 2002;Schuhmacher et al, 2001)., suggesting the importance of the assumption of intake exposure. In Taiwan, land use for industry and agriculture was not divided clearly so that the industrial park is generally surrounded by cultivated land producing agricultural products.…”

Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Trace Metals in the Blood of Nonoccupationally Exposed Residents Living in the Vicinity of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator and Electric Arc Furnace

“…1 PCDD/Fs may be transported through the atmosphere and precipitated into soil, water, and vegetation by wet and/or dry deposition and diffusion. [2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, because of the lipophilicity of PCDD/Fs, these compounds bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain, which increases the risks for human and animal health 7 Many human activities are potential sources of PCDD/ Fs, such as combustion, the manufacture of organic chloride chemicals and metals, and smelting processes involving the use of chlorinated or chlorinated-derived chemicals. 8 -10 Of these sources, emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) have been estimated to be one of the biggest contributors to PCDD/Fs to ambient air in the United States.…”

“…1 PCDD/Fs may be transported through the atmosphere and precipitated into soil, water, and vegetation by wet and/or dry deposition and diffusion. [2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, because of the lipophilicity of PCDD/Fs, these compounds bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain, which increases the risks for human and animal health 7 …”

Stochastic analysis and prioritization of the influence of parameter uncertainty on the predicted pressure profile in heterogeneous, unsaturated soils

“…The distinction between the different types of analysis in most studies is not rigid, and several authors have utilized or developed approaches that encompass elements from more than one type of analysis. For example, Ma [1] combined Monte Carlo simulation to propagate parameter uncertainty and elements of sensitivity and importance analyses to reach remediation decisions at a groundwater site in Taiwan. The methodology utilized in the current study proceeds in this spirit by combining Monte Carlo simulations with elements of uncertainty, sensitivity and relative importance analyses.…”