Using spray momentum flux measurements to understand the influence of diesel nozzle geometry on spray characteristics

Payri, Raúl; García, José Manuel Sánchez; Salvador, F.J.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.10.009

Cited by 327 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To obtain these conditions, large injection pulses were applied, thus enabling the elimination of the opening and closing effects. Typical top hat profiles can be observed for both variables at maximum needle lift [2]. It is during this period that averaging has been carried out.…”

Section: Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Results In Maximum Lift Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to effective diameter (D ef ) results, plotted in figure 11, the differences are scaled in the same way as the real geometry of the two nozzles obtained from silicon methodology [27]. The decrease observed for a given injection pressure as chamber pressure decreases is due to cavitation phenomena [2].…”

Section: Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Results In Maximum Lift Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This force is equivalent to the spray momentum flux, and can be determined with the use of the spray momentum test rig as presented in [2]. Sprays are injected into a chamber that can be pressurized with nitrogen up to 8 MPa in order to simulate pressure discharge conditions that are representative of real pressure conditions inside the engine combustion chamber during the injection process.…”

Section: Injection Rate Meter and Spray Momentum Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass flow rate and the momentum flux have been measured for a wide range of typical engine injection and in-cylinder pressures. The injection rate measurements have served, on the one hand, to detect the presence of cavitation in the nozzle ( [2,6]), as well as to evaluate the discharge coefficient. On the other hand, in combination with measurements of momentum flux, mass flow rate measurements have allowed to determine the velocity at the nozzle exit ( [2,21]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development – Part 1: Hydraulic characterization

et al. 2011

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An experimental study of two real multi-hole Diesel injectors is performed under current DI Diesel engine operating conditions. The aim of the investigation is to study the influence of injector technology on the flow at the nozzle exit and to analyse its effect on the spray in evaporative conditions and combustion development. The injectors used are two of the most common technologies used nowadays: solenoid and piezoelectric. The nozzle for both injectors is very similar since the objective of the work is the understanding of the influence of the injector technology on spray characteristics for a given nozzle geometry. In the first part of the study, experimental measurements of hydraulic characterization have been analyzed for both systems. Analysis of spray behavior in evaporative conditions and combustion development will be carried out in the second part of the work. Important differences between both injectors have been observed, especially in their transient opening and closing of the needle, leading to a more efficient air-fuel mixing and combustion processes for the piezoelectric actuated injector.

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Section: Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Results In Maximum Lift Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Results In Maximum Lift Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injection Rate Meter and Spray Momentum Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development – Part 1: Hydraulic characterization

et al. 2011

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“…Most important fuel properties are detailed in Table 2. The injector mass flow rate and spray momentum flux were measured at the beginning of this investigation by testing the injection hardware in dedicated test rigs; at a suitable range of operating conditions in terms of injection pressure, injector backpressure and injection duration; following the methodology described in [25,26] using commercial diesel fuel and also the gasoline fuel selected for this research. It was observed that the injection system is able to properly inject gasoline with good performance up to a maximum injection pressure of 1200 bar, from where some internal leakages might start to appear and proper functioning of the injection system cannot be further assured.…”

Section: Engine Architecture and Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of the Partially Premixed Combustion concept in a 2-stroke HSDI diesel engine fueled with gasoline

2014

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Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) of fuels in the gasoline octane range has proven to combine low NOX and soot emissions with high indicated efficiencies, while still retaining control over combustion phasing with the injection event. Previous research performed in four-stroke engines, has shown how the operating region where gasoline PPC concept can be successfully implemented is largely linked to the octane number of the fuel, making difficult to cover the entire load range with a fixed fuel.In this framework, 2-stroke engines arise as a promising solution to extend the load range of gasoline PPC concept, since it intrinsically provides equivalent torque response with only half the IMEP required in a 4-stroke cycle. Moreover, 2-stroke architecture provides high flexibility on the air management parameters to substantially control the cylinder conditions and affect the combustion environment, allowing proper combustion control even in low load conditions. An experimental investigation has been performed to evaluate the potential of the PPC concept for pollutant control, using a commercial gasoline with Research Octane Number of 95 in a newly-designed 2-stroke poppet valves automotive diesel engine. The experimental results confirm how it is possible to achieve stable gasoline PPC combustion at a low speed medium load point (1200 rpm, 5 bar IMEP); with good combustion stability (σIMEP below 3%), high combustion efficiency (over 98%), and low NOX and zero soot levels; thanks to the wide control of the cylinder gas temperature provided by the air management settings. Nevertheless, in agreement to the results reported in the literature, the indicated cycle efficiency attained at this low load operating condition is lower than the obtained in conventional diesel combustion conditions. Therefore, a dedicated optimization process of the engine hardware and engine settings is required to fully exploit the benefits of gasoline PPC concept in the investigated 2-stroke engine architecture.

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Application of a one‐dimensional spray model to teach diffusion flame fundamentals for engineering students

García-Oliver

García

Morena

et al. 2019

Comp Applic In Engineering

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This study presents the application of an existing interactive application for teaching spray dynamics in engineering degrees. The model is based on spray momentum conservation and can be used to evaluate both fuel-air mixing characteristics in inert conditions as well as diffusion flame performance once combustion takes place. During a dedicated computer-lab session, the students perform parametric studies regarding the influence of the nozzle outlet diameter, the combustion chamber density and the spray cone opening angle on the mixing process, characterized by the maximum stoichiometric length. Later on, the effect of the combustion reaction on the mixing field is evaluated.The results are analyzed taking as a reference to the theoretical development made by Spalding and Schlichting for diffusion gas jets. The outcomes of several years using this technique are reported. K E Y W O R D Scombustion, educational tool, engineering teaching, practical session, spray

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Using spray momentum flux measurements to understand the influence of diesel nozzle geometry on spray characteristics

Cited by 327 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development – Part 1: Hydraulic characterization

Influence of injector technology on injection and combustion development – Part 1: Hydraulic characterization

Implementation of the Partially Premixed Combustion concept in a 2-stroke HSDI diesel engine fueled with gasoline

Application of a one‐dimensional spray model to teach diffusion flame fundamentals for engineering students

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