Using Skin Carotenoids to Assess Dietary Changes in Students After 1 Academic Year of Participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program

Beccarelli, Lori M.; Scherr, Rachel E.; Dharmar, Madan; Ermakov, Igor V.; Gellermann, Werner; Jahns, Lisa; Linnell, Jessica D.; Keen, Carl L.; Steinberg, Francene M.; Young, Heather M.; Zidenberg‐Cherr, Sheri

doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2016.09.007

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the Veggie Meter® is objective and overcomes bias inherent in self‐reported FV intake measures ( 6,7 ) . Although previous studies have been conducted using the RRS in school‐ based settings ( 11,12 ) , the present study is the first to report on use of the Veggie Meter® in three diverse preschool and school‐based populations. More studies are needed with children and adolescents in order to assess the validity (comparing with plasma‐assessed carotenoids) and reproducibility of the Veggie Meter® in these populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, HPLC analysis of blood carotenoids is expensive, invasive and impractical, particularly in school‐based settings. Skin carotenoid status assessed by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a valid biomarker of FV intake ( 10 ) and has been used in school‐based interventions ( 11,12 ) . However, RRS has limitations as a result of the lack of portability of the hand‐built RRS machines, and the RRS devices that are portable are only available to researchers through a lease agreement, where researchers pay a specific amount of money to use the RRS device for a specific amount of time, after which they must return the device to the company that owns the patent to the RRS device (Pharmanex, Provo, UT, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Veggie Meter® has been validated against plasma carotenoids in a small sample of racially diverse adults ( 16 ) . Although RRS has been used in studies among 9–12 year old children to examine intervention effectiveness ( 11,12 ) , to our knowledge, no published studies have used the RS Device (the Veggie Meter®) in preschool and secondary school‐based settings. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the associations between Veggie Meter®‐assessed skin carotenoid status and self‐reported FV intake in preschool and school‐based settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school‐based interventions

May

Pitts

Stage

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background Reflection spectroscopy is an emerging, non‐invasive objective measure used to approximate fruit and vegetable intake. The present study aimed to use a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter®, Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) to assess skin carotenoid status in preschool, middle‐ and high‐school students and to examine associations between skin carotenoids and self‐reported dietary intake. Methods In Autumn 2018, we used the Veggie Meter® to assess skin carotenoids and age‐appropriate validated dietary assessment measures to approximate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Preschool participants completed a previously validated pictorial liking tool using an iPad (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Middle‐school participants completed selected questions from the validated School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) (Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA) questionnaire regarding frequency of their FV and beverage intake on the previous day, with additional questions about physical activity. High‐school participants’ FV intake was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Screener (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine bivariate associations between measures of dietary intake and Veggie Meter®‐assessed skin carotenoid levels. Results Mean (SD) Veggie Meter® readings were 266 (82.9), 219 (68.1) and 216 (67.2) among preschool, middle‐ and high‐school students. There was an inverse association between soda intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = −0.22, P = 0.03) among middle‐school students; and a positive association between daily fruit intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = 0.25, P = 0.06) among high‐school students. Conclusions The Veggie Meter® comprises a promising evaluation tool for preschool and school‐based nutrition interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school‐based interventions

May

Pitts

Stage

et al. 2020

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…However, research supports youth under age 10 years have difficulty with specific recall, which may explain why many youths did not remember specific messages from the 26 total messages received over the course of 9 months. 25,26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gain-Framed and Loss-Framed Health Messages on Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge

Fetter

Dharmar

Lawry-Hall

et al. 2019

Global Pediatric Health

Self Cite

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Background. Research remains inconclusive about the most effective frame for encouraging health preventative behaviors. Aims. To examine the impact of gain- and loss-framed health messages on nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge in fourth-grade youth participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), a multicomponent nutrition program. Methods. Youth were recruited to participate in this 9-month quasi-experimental study and divided into 3 groups: (1) comparison (n = 50), (2) loss-framed (n = 76), and (3) gain-framed (n = 67). All youth participated in the SHCP, and the gain- and loss-framed groups also viewed weekly health messages. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and Bonferroni for multiple comparisons were used for analysis. Results. Youth who participated in the SHCP improved nutrition knowledge (+2.0 points; P < .01) and PA knowledge (+1.8 points; P < .01). Nutrition knowledge improved in the comparison group (+1.3 points; P = .04), loss-framed group (+1.9 points; P = .01), and gain-framed group (+2.6 points; P = .01). Improvements in PA knowledge were also demonstrated in the comparison group (+1.6 points; P < .01), the loss-framed group (+1.3 points; P < .01), and the gain-framed group (+2.5 points; P = .01). There were no significant differences between groups. Youth in the loss-framed group reported a decrease in self-efficacy (−1.2; P = .05), while this was not observed in the other groups. Discussion. The SHCP improves nutrition and PA knowledge, and the positive reinforcement further strengthens some of these improvements, while loss-framed messaging can contribute to undesirable outcomes. Conclusions. Incorporating positive reinforcement through gain-framed messages can be a relatively low-cost avenue for supporting beneficial outcomes.

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“…When measuring consumption is impractical, self-report measures should be supplement by biomarkers of FV consumption. In evaluating the effects of an education-based intervention (Beccarelli et al, 2016), self-reported FV consumption was unchanged at the conclusion of the 9-month intervention. However, skin carotenoid levels (a biomarker of FV consumption) significantly declined at the intervention's end, suggesting not only that the education-based program was ineffective but also that self-report assessments were either insensitive or invalid.…”

Section: Education and Messagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Economic Approaches to Influencing Children’s Dietary Decision Making at School

Madden

Price

Sosa

2016

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

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• • This article reviews behavioral-economic interventions designed to increase objectively measured fruit and vegetable consumption in schools. • • Serving vegetables first, without competitor foods, increases children's consumption of these least preferred foods. • • Children will eat more fruit if it is easier to handle (e.g., sliced instead of whole apples) and if recess comes before lunch. • • Long-term changes in children's healthy eating may be achieved by improving taste and incentivizing the consumption of fruits and vegetables. • • No compelling evidence supports the overjustification effect-extrinsic rewards do not crowd out children's intrinsic motivation to eat fruits and vegetables at school. • • Virtual incentives imbedded within a game narrative also show promise for decreasing the material costs of incentive-based interventions.

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Using Skin Carotenoids to Assess Dietary Changes in Students After 1 Academic Year of Participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program

Abstract: The reported decrease in vegetable and carotenoid intake was unanticipated; nevertheless, the RRS measurements confirmed this. RRS data can help evaluate changes in fruit and vegetable intake.

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school‐based interventions

Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school‐based interventions

The Influence of Gain-Framed and Loss-Framed Health Messages on Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge

Behavioral Economic Approaches to Influencing Children’s Dietary Decision Making at School

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