Using simulation model to determine the regulation and to optimize the quantity of chlorine injection in water distribution networks

2020

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In this research, the catchment area of the Karkheh River has been investigated in order to investigate the relationship between the sediment and the effect of climate change on the phenomenon of microstrip. In the first step, to determine the relationship between the grains and sediments, it is necessary to determine the origin of sedimentation and its gradation. Accordingly, some sediment samples were taken from the river bed. Sediment aggregate size measurement is an important tool for studying its origin. Currently, for statistical purposes, many samples are used, but these methods are time-consuming and difficult. The size of the sediment in the study of origin, and its relationship with the micro-organisms, is an important factor. Therefore, the use of modern methods is essential. In the present study, the data of the sediment samples were introduced into the acetate gradient (statistical analysis program) to determine the texture and granulation of the sediment. The results showed that sand gravel texture is. Then sampling and testing on the microscopes showed that they are also of sandy origin, so it can be assumed that abrupt grafting of microspheres after sediment can cause sediment in the river. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of climate change on the micrographs, the relationship between three climatic parameters including rainfall, minima and relative humidity with the number of days with a rigorous refreshment for two years of 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The results showed that, with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation and relative humidity, the number of days with the coarse cutter increases, and as a result, it can be caused by sedimentation as part of sedimentation in the river.

Section: Sand Dunes and Sand Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the association between dust and sediment and evaluating the impact of climate change on dust and providing adaptation

2020

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“…The French heat wave in the summer of 2003, as well as the heat of the summer of 2010, covered a large part of the northern hemisphere such as Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, China, Africa and parts of Europe [29,30] . The occurrence of drought and fire in the forests of western Russia and the unprecedented flood event in widespread parts of Pakistan can be cited as the most significant consequences of a severe heat wave in 2010 [31,32] . Also, heat waves in southeastern Asia have caused mortality in many people in recent years [33,34] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effect of climate change on heat waves

2020

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The purpose of this research is to identify the heat waves of the South Sea of Iran and compare the conditions in the present and future. To reach this goal, the average daily temperature of 35 years has been used. Also, in order to predict future heat waves, the maximum temperature data of four models of the CMIP5 model series, according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, has been used for the period 2040-2074. In order to reverse the output of the climatic models, artificial neural networks were used to identify the thermal waves, and the Fumiaki index was used to determine the thermal waves. Using the programming in MATLAB software, the days when their temperature exceeded 2 standard deviations as a thermal wave were identified. The results of the research show that the short-term heat waves are more likely to occur. Heat waves in the base period have a significant but poorly developed trend, so that the frequency has increased in recent years. In the period from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of thermal waves has a significant decreasing trend, but usually with low coefficients. However, for some stations from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of predicted heat waves increased.

“…[32] It can cover a wide range of issues such as needs analysis, water protection, rights and allocation privileges, simulation of surface and underground waters, reservoir operation, hydroelectric power generation, pollution control, environmental requirements, vulnerability assessment and cost benefit analysis. [33,34] More details about the WEAP model is shown in Javadinejad et al [35] The input data of the model included census statistics, which was extracted from the report of a consulting company (cited from the website of the Statistics Center of Iran). [?…”

Section: Standardized Runoff Index (Sri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of hydro-meteorological drought indices for characterizing historical and future droughts and their impact on groundwater

2020

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The effect of meteorological and hydrological droughts is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Analyzing these effects on groundwater supplies plays an important role for water management in those regions. This paper aims to characterize droughts in the Isfahan-Borkhar basin, an arid area of Iran. The observed hydro-climatic data (for the period of 1971-2005) were used for hydro-meteorological projections (for the period of 2006-2040). Meteorological and surface hydrological drought evaluated by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and the effect of hydro-meteorological droughts on groundwater was investigated by Groundwater Resources Index (GRI). Results showed that dry and wet conditions would occur in the region in the initial and subsequent decades, based on the three indices. There was a significant association between SPI, SRI, and GRI at the time scale of 12 months. The SPI estimated using only meteorological variables alone and it is useful for estimating meteorological drought forecasts. However, SRI and GRI can represent hydrological drought that computed using catchment discharge, soil moisture and groundwater level. Results showed a considerable alteration in time of drought outlines across the area and association between the variables of predicted precipitation, temperature and the kind of indices. The projection of all three drought indices indicated drier conditions in the future period (2006-2042). The results provide reasonable management strategy for management of water resources in arid coastal plains.