Using Scrna-Seq to Define the Immune Response after Hapten Enhanced Intratumoral Chemotherapy on Cases of Rectal Cancer:Exploring Immune Surgery

Abstract

Objective: Surgery is an major methods for rectal cancer and is significantly improved thorough not only combine with modern medical equipment also combine with immune therapy. Awaking the immune cells can be effectively eliminated residual tumor cells following the surgical of tumor. Hapten Enhanced Intratumoral Chemotherapy (HEIC) has successful applied into cancer treatment. HEIC integrated into surgery is a new way to improve outcome of surgery while the immune response is elicited during of rectal surgery.Method: Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate changes of immune cells at the molecular and cellular identities in tumors before and after surgery with HEIC.Result: A total of 43,406 cells, 10 cell types, Epithelial Cells(EpithelialCells), Endothelial Cells(ECs), Fibroblasts, B Cells(BCells), Plasma Cells(PlasmaCells), TandNK Cells(TandNK), Neutrophils, Mast Cells(MastCells), Mononuclear Phagocytes(MPs), Platelets were induced by HEIC treatment 1 hour later. Proportion of plasma cells decreased, especially the proportion of T&NK cells increased after treatment, and the number of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) increased. Activate of immune response in tumor almost immediate impact the peripheral blood samples for whole body immune response with a large proportion up of T&NK cells. The gene set was enriched into tumor-related signaling pathways such as apoptosis, IL-7 and TNF. IL-7 is an important growth factor for T cell development and survival. Conclusion:Immune rectal cancer surgery can be performed by HEIC, it resulted in the tumor is cut out of body, then the immune response is set up and restore in the patient's own body for prevent the tumor metastasis after the removal of tumors.