Using Scaled Models for Wind Turbine EM Scattering Characterization: Techniques and Experiments

Zhang, Yan; Huston, Andrew; Palmer, Robert D.; Albertson, Randal; Kong, Fanyou; Wang, Shang

doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2085271

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While radar LOS at 100 m height is usually far less than this range, the radar antenna is in the near field of the wind turbine and the far field PO approximation cannot be simply used to calculate tower RCS. One way to work around this is to mesh the tower into small facets that are electrically large, but small enough to meet the far field criterion [15]. But for radar with relatively long wavelength, it is difficult to be electrical large while maintaining geometric integrity for the parabolic surface.…”

Section: Range Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of wind turbine siting on radar clutter mitigation

Kong

Zhang

Palmer

2013

IET International Radar Conference 2013

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As wind energy develops quickly, more commercial-scale wind turbines with high tower and large rotor diameter are emerging. These large man-made structures present interference to nearby radars in the form of radar clutter. This newly recognized type of clutter has unique radar signatures, making it difficult to be identified and mitigated. Based on analysing the characteristics of radar signatures, this paper suggests several wind turbine siting considerations solely from the perspective of radar clutter mitigation.

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Section: Range Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of wind turbine siting on radar clutter mitigation

Kong

Zhang

Palmer

2013

IET International Radar Conference 2013

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“…Numerous studies have characterized wind turbine RF scattering behavior, either in isolation or in a farm [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Due to the significant effort required to measure a structure as large as a wind turbine while calibrating for outdoor effects (interfering RF signals, wind speed and direction, etc.…”

Section: Radar-windfarm Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), several of these studies are restricted to simulated results. An alternative approach to full-scale measurement is measuring a scaled turbine at higher frequency in a controlled anechoic chamber [28,35], assuming the high frequency radar signature of a miniaturized turbine mimics that of an actual turbine at low frequency. This is a valid assumption if material properties are stable over frequency, and it appears that turbine RF scattering shows similar behavior at both low and high frequencies.…”

Section: Radar-windfarm Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar-cross-section reduction of wind turbines. part 1.

Brock¹,

Loui²,

McDonald³

et al. 2012

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In recent years, increasing deployment of large wind-turbine farms has become an issue of growing concern for the radar community. The large radar cross section (RCS) presented by wind turbines interferes with radar operation, and the Doppler shift caused by blade rotation causes problems identifying and tracking moving targets. Each new wind-turbine farm installation must be carefully evaluated for potential disruption of radar operation for air defense, air traffic control, weather sensing, and other applications. Several approaches currently exist to minimize conflict between wind-turbine farms and radar installations, including procedural adjustroents, radar upgrades, and proper choice of low-impact wind-farm sites, but each has problems with limited effectiveness or prohibitive cost. An alternative approach, heretofore not techoically feasible, is to reduce the RCS of wind turbines to the extent that they can be installed near existing radar installations. This report summarizes efforts to reduce wind-turbine RCS, with a particular emphasis on the blades. The report begins with a survey of the wind-turbine RCS-reduction literature to establish a baseline for comparison. The following topics are then addressed: electromagnetic model development and validation, novel material development, integration into wind-turbine fabrication processes, integrated-absorber design, and wind-turbine RCS modeling. Related topics of interest, including alternative mitigation techoiques (procedural, at-the-radar, etc.), an introduction to RCS and electromagnetic scattering, and RCS-reduction modeling techniques, can be found in a previous report.

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“…Investigations on scaled wind turbines are presented in [9], [10] but they are performed under the mentioned plane wave restriction that does not resemble realistic scenarios. The actual navigation information that provides a spatially differential signal is not included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigation Signal Disturbances by Multipath Propagation – Scaled Measurements with a Universal Channel Sounder Architecture

2015

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The performance of navigation systems is always reduced by unwanted multipath propagation. This is especially of practical importance for airborne navigation systems like the instrument landing system (ILS) or the VHF omni directional radio range (VOR). Nevertheless, the quantitative analysis of corresponding, potentially harmful multipath propagation disturbances is very difficult due to the large parameter space. Experimentally difficulties arise due to very expensive, real scale measurement campaigns and numerical simulation techniques still have shortcomings which are briefly discussed. In this contribution a new universal approach is introduced on how to measure very flexibly multipath propagation effects for arbitrary navigation systems using a channel sounder architecture in a scaled measurement environment. Two relevant scenarios of multipath propagation and the impact on navigation signals are presented. The first describes disturbances of the ILS due to large taxiing aircraft. The other example shows the influence of rotating wind turbines on the VOR.

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Using Scaled Models for Wind Turbine EM Scattering Characterization: Techniques and Experiments

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Impacts of wind turbine siting on radar clutter mitigation

Impacts of wind turbine siting on radar clutter mitigation

Radar-cross-section reduction of wind turbines. part 1.

Navigation Signal Disturbances by Multipath Propagation – Scaled Measurements with a Universal Channel Sounder Architecture

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