Using Reaction Time to Assess Patients With Unilateral Neglect and Extinction

Schendel, Krista; Robertson, Lynn C.

doi:10.1076/jcen.24.7.941.8390

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A survey on chronometrical approaches [20] shows that an increasing search time possibly occurs in any decay of searching performance. Chronometrical studies generally involved patient-operated switches or keys [21]–[27] however other technical solutions have been adopted, including touchscreen [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Features of Visual Exploration in Unilaterally Brain-Damaged Subjects with or without Neglect: Results from a Touchscreen Test

et al. 2012

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Cognitive assessment in a clinical setting is generally made by pencil-and-paper tests, while computer-based tests enable the measurement and the extraction of additional performance indexes. Previous studies have demonstrated that in a research context exploration deficits occur also in patients without evidence of unilateral neglect at pencil-and-paper tests. The objective of this study is to apply a touchscreen-based cancellation test, feasible also in a clinical context, to large groups of control subjects and unilaterally brain-damaged patients, with and without unilateral spatial neglect (USN), in order to assess disturbances of the exploratory skills. A computerized cancellation test on a touchscreen interface was used for assessing the performance of 119 neurologically unimpaired control subjects and 193 patients with unilateral right or left hemispheric brain damage, either with or without USN. A set of performance indexes were defined including Latency, Proximity, Crossings and their spatial lateral gradients, and Preferred Search Direction. Classic outcome scores were computed as well. Results show statistically significant differences among groups (assumed p<0.05). Right-brain-damaged patients with USN were significantly slower (median latency per detected item was 1.18 s) and less efficient (about 13 search-path crossings) in the search than controls (median latency 0.64 s; about 3 crossings). Their preferred search direction (53.6% downward, 36.7% leftward) was different from the one in control patients (88.2% downward, 2.1% leftward). Right-brain-damaged patients without USN showed a significantly abnormal behavior (median latency 0.84 s, about 5 crossings, 83.3% downward and 9.1% leftward direction) situated half way between controls and right-brain-damaged patients with USN. Left-brain-damaged patients without USN were significantly slower and less efficient than controls (latency 1.19 s, about 7 crossings), preserving a normal preferred search direction (93.7% downward). Therefore, the proposed touchscreen-based assessment had evidenced disorders in spatial exploration also in patients without clinically diagnosed USN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Features of Visual Exploration in Unilaterally Brain-Damaged Subjects with or without Neglect: Results from a Touchscreen Test

et al. 2012

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“…slowness in attending to the contralesional hemispace (Schendel & Robertson, 2002 ), can cause diffi culties in more complex everyday activities like wheelchair maneuvering (Webster et al, 1995 ). Furthermore, visual neglect is a definite obstacle for driving (Tant, 2002 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Right hemisphere infarct patients and healthy controls: Evaluation of starting points in cancellation tasks

Nurmi

Kettunen

Laihosalo

et al. 2010

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Patients with visual neglect (VN) tend to start cancellation tasks from the right. This exceptional initial rightward bias is also seen in some right hemisphere (RH) stroke patients who do not meet the criteria of VN in conventional tests. The present study compared RH infarct patients’ (examined on average 4 days post-stroke) and healthy controls’ starting points (SPs) in three cancellation tasks of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT). Furthermore, task-specific guideline values were defined for a normal SP to differentiate the performance of healthy subjects from that of patients with subclinical inattention. Conventional tests indicated that 15 of the 70 RH infarct patients had VN. The control group comprised 44 healthy volunteers. In each task, the VN group started the cancellations mainly from the right. The non-neglect and healthy groups initiated most cancellations from the left, more so in the healthy group. Starting more than one BIT task outside the guideline value indicated pathological inattention, as this was typical among the VN patients, but exceptional among the healthy subjects. One-third of the non-neglect patients showed pathological inattention by starting more than one task outside the guideline value. Clinical assessment of VN should, therefore, include an evaluation of the SPs to detect this subtle form of neglect. (JINS, 2010, 16, 902–909.)

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“…The use of reaction time with patients with the clinical syndromes of extinction and unilateral neglect is summarized in the paper by Schendel and Robertson (2002). This is a fascinating topic in which the study of attention as an area within Cognitive Neuroscience has both been in¯uenced and has illuminated neuropsychological issues.…”

Section: Componential Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We believe that this effort when combined with neuroimaging has been quite successful in the case of neglect from damage to various brain areas (Schendel & Robertson, 2002); it has been applied with great skill to Parkinson's disease (Kingstone et al, 2002) and has enjoyed a more mixed success with respect to dementias (Ober, 2002) and schizophrenia (MacDonald & Carter, 2002).…”

Section: Cognitive Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schendel and Robertson (2002) brie¯y discuss efforts to remediate neglect and refer to more extensive efforts to remediate visual ®eld de®cits (Zihl, 2000). In studies of traumatic brain injury Strum, Willmes, Orgass, and Hartje (1997) argued for a rehabilitative strategy based upon a hierarchy of attentional components derived from studies of normals.…”

Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mental Chronometry in the Study of Individual and Group Differences

Posner¹,

Rueda²

2002

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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The papers in this issue are excellent examples of the many uses of measuring reaction time in the exploration of nervous system pathologies. In our commentary we consider mental chronometry as a field that seeks to measure the time course of mental operations in the human nervous system. We draw upon diverse methods such as neuroimaging, electrical recording and reaction time to illustrate the use of chronometry in conjunction with anatomy and genetics to approach both normal individual differences and pathologies. The goal is to examine general and specific changes in neural networks that underlie both variations in normal function and changes due to pathology. Although much remains to be done along these lines, it is now possible to see how the various chronometric contributions outlined in this special issue can converge to provide a basis for improved understanding of the genetic and experiential basis of cognitive and emotional processes.

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Using Reaction Time to Assess Patients With Unilateral Neglect and Extinction

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Spatio-Temporal Features of Visual Exploration in Unilaterally Brain-Damaged Subjects with or without Neglect: Results from a Touchscreen Test

Spatio-Temporal Features of Visual Exploration in Unilaterally Brain-Damaged Subjects with or without Neglect: Results from a Touchscreen Test

Right hemisphere infarct patients and healthy controls: Evaluation of starting points in cancellation tasks

Mental Chronometry in the Study of Individual and Group Differences

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