Using RAPD and AFLP Markers to Distinguish Individuals Obtained by Clonal Selection of `Arbequina' and `Manzanilla de Sevilla' Olive

Abstract

<jats:p>Eight and seven clones, respectively selected within the olive cultivars `Arbequina' and `Manzanilla de Sevilla', were studied by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Two clones of `Arbequina', C3 and C12, showed polymorphism with respect to the standard cultivar by means of both markers. In fact, about 33.6% RAPD bands and 9.2% AFLP bands were polymorphic for these clones. This high level of polymorphism and the presence of a high percentage of bands absent in `Arbequina' suggest their possible origin as `Arbequina' seedlings. The dendrogram obtained by both molecular markers also supports the hypothesis of a seedling origin of these clones as they clustered separately from the original cultivar and the rest of monomorphic clones at low values of similarity. Also within the `Manzanilla de Sevilla' group, two clones (31 and 44) showed diversity with respect to the standard cultivar; 4.5% RAPD and 6.3% AFLP markers were polymorphic for these genotypes while all the other clones didn't show any difference with the standard `Manzanilla de Sevilla'. RAPD and AFLP markers effectively revealed intracultivar variability due to gametic or multiple mutational events, while the detection of other kind of differences such as eventual single mutations remains uncertain and requires further investigation.</jats:p>

Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Portuguese Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Germplasm

“…Also using STRUCTURE, Santos et al [18] found a division between Northern European cultivars and Western Spanish pear germplasm. Independent and local selection was also reported for other fruit trees such as Western Mediterranean olive cultivars [40,41].…”

Self-incompatibility of `Arbequina' and `Picual' Olive Assessed by SSR Markers

“…However, sometimes, the somatic or gametic origin of the variability found was not clear (Belaj et al, 2004) and, in other cases, putative intracultivar variation may be really due to homonyms. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated using morphological (Barranco, 1997;Barranco and Rallo, 1984) and DNA markers (Belaj et al, 2001(Belaj et al, , 2004Mekuria et al, 1999;Wiesman et al, 1998) that generic names such as 'Gordal', 'Lechín', 'Manzanilla', 'Verdial', etc., include different cultivars. For this reason, we think that it is unlikely for intravarietal diversity to be the cause of the scarcity of self-pollinated fruit found in this study.…”

“…Particularly remarkable is the case of fruit collected in three locations of Jaén (Table 3), where 'Picual' accounts for 98.6% of the total olive trees grown, and which is one of the provinces with the highest olive oil production in the world (Junta de Andalucía, 2002). Olive intravarietal diversity at molecular level has been reported (Belaj et al, 2004;Cipriani et al, 2002;Gemas et al, 2004;Khadari et al, 2003). However, sometimes, the somatic or gametic origin of the variability found was not clear (Belaj et al, 2004) and, in other cases, putative intracultivar variation may be really due to homonyms.…”

“…Olive intravarietal diversity at molecular level has been reported (Belaj et al, 2004;Cipriani et al, 2002;Gemas et al, 2004;Khadari et al, 2003). However, sometimes, the somatic or gametic origin of the variability found was not clear (Belaj et al, 2004) and, in other cases, putative intracultivar variation may be really due to homonyms. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated using morphological (Barranco, 1997;Barranco and Rallo, 1984) and DNA markers (Belaj et al, 2001(Belaj et al, , 2004Mekuria et al, 1999;Wiesman et al, 1998) that generic names such as 'Gordal', 'Lechín', 'Manzanilla', 'Verdial', etc., include different cultivars.…”

Assessment of morphological and molecular variation in local olive (Olea europaea L.) in the Northern part of Iran

“…Therefore, more comprehensive studies using reliable markers are needed to gain a better understanding of the level and distribution of genetic diversity in olive cultivars. In the last years, molecular markers, such as RAPD (Belaj et al, 2001;Besnard et al, 2001;Mekuria et al, 1999;Wiesman et al, 1998), AFLP (Angiolillo et al, 1999;Sanz-Cortes et al, 2003;Sensi et al, 2003;Owen et al, 2005) and SSR (Bandelj et al, 2002;Belaj et al, 2004;Cipriani et al, 2002;Diaz et al, 2006;Khadari et al, 2003;Rallo et al, 2000;Sefc et al, 2001), have been used to characterize olive germplasm. Also, ISSRs methods have been used (Hess et al, 2000;Pasqualone et al, 2001;Gemas et al, 2004;Terzopoulos et al, 2005).…”