Using Qualitative Disease Risk Analysis for Herpetofauna Conservation Translocations Transgressing Ecological and Geographical Barriers

Suarez, Mariana Bobadilla; Ewen, John G.; Groombridge, Jim J.; Beckmann, Katie M.; Shotton, J.; Masters, Nicholas J.; Hopkins, Timothy C.; Sainsbury, Anthony W.

doi:10.1007/s10393-015-1086-4

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Code recommended the assessment of hazards of known harm to amphibians and considers just two disease agents in detail, while we would recommend that all parasites novel to the destination environment (source hazards) are assessed in wild animal translocations (Sainsbury and Vaughan‐Higgins, ), because previously unknown novel infectious agents have been associated with major outbreaks of disease in wild animals (Bobadilla et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk Analysis and Post-Release Health Surveillance for a Reintroduction Programme: the Pool FrogPelophylax lessonae

Sainsbury

Yu-Mei

Ågren

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Running Head: Disease risk analysis for a reintroduction programme 2 SummaryThere are risks from disease in undertaking wild animal reintroduction programmes. Methods of disease risk analysis have been advocated to assess and mitigate these risks,and, post-release health and disease surveillance can be used to assess the effectiveness of the disease risk analysis but results for a reintroduction programme have not to date been recorded. We carried out a disease risk analysis for the reintroduction of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) to England, using information gained from the literature and from diagnostic testing of Swedish pool frogs and native amphibians. Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis were considered high risk disease threats for pool frogs at the destination site. Quarantine was used to manage risks from disease due to these two agents at the reintroduction site: the quarantine barrier surrounded the reintroduced pool frogs. Post-release health surveillance was carried out through regular health examinations of amphibians in the field at the reintroduction site and collection and examination of dead amphibians. No significant health or disease problems were detected but the detection rate of dead amphibians was very low. Methods to detect a higher proportion of dead reintroduced animals and closely related species are required to better assess the effects of reintroduction on health and disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk Analysis and Post-Release Health Surveillance for a Reintroduction Programme: the Pool FrogPelophylax lessonae

Sainsbury

Yu-Mei

Ågren

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Active amphibian management (e.g., reintroductions, in situ intervention, ex situ mitigation) take proactive (pre-emergence) and reactive (post-emergence) approaches to dealing with emerging infectious diseases [17]. There are active amphibian conservation projects to mitigate chytrid impacts on amphibian populations using habitat management [18], amphibian translocations [19,20], amphibian reintroductions [21], and amphibian capture-treat-release [22]. Other research has searched for cures of infected individuals, including but not limited to probiotics/microbiomes [13,[23][24][25][26][27][28]; antimicrobial peptides [29][30][31][32][33]; anti-fungal baths and elevated body temperature [34][35][36]), or natural selection of resistance/tolerance genes (e.g., mycobiome [37]; MHC/immunogenes [38][39][40][41]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the potential use of an ionic liquid (1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) as an anti-fungal treatment against the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has contributed to global amphibian declines. Bd infects the keratinized epidermal tissue in amphibians and causes hyperkeratosis and excessive skin shedding. In individuals of susceptible species, the regulatory function of the amphibian's skin is disrupted resulting in an electrolyte depletion, osmotic imbalance, and eventually death. Safe and effective treatments for chytridiomycosis are urgently needed to control chytrid fungal infections and stabilize populations of endangered amphibian species in captivity and in the wild. Currently, the most widely used anti-Bd treatment is itraconazole. Preparations of itraconazole formulated for amphibian use has proved effective, but treatment involves short baths over seven to ten days, a process which is logistically challenging, stressful, and causes long-term health effects. Here, we explore a novel anti-fungal therapeutic using a single application of the ionic liquid, 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP-NTf2), for the treatment of chytridiomycosis. BMP-NTf2 was found be effective at killing Bd in vitro at low concentrations (1:1000 dilution). We tested BMP-NTf2 in vivo on two amphibian species, one that is relatively tolerant of chytridiomycosis (Pseudacris regilla) and one that is highly susceptible (Dendrobates tinctorius). A toxicity trial revealed a surprising interaction between Bd infection status and the impact of BMP-NTf2 on D. tinctorius survival. Uninfected D. tinctorius tolerated BMP-NTf2 (mean ± SE; 96.01 ± 9.00 μl/g), such that only 1 out of 30 frogs died following treatment (at a dose of 156.95 μL/g), whereas, a lower dose (mean ± SE; 97.45 ± 3.52 μL/g) was not tolerated by Bd-infected D. tinctorius,

show abstract

“…The IUCN recommends that a disease risk analysis is carried out prior to every translocation to determine the risks from disease and allow for mitigation measures (Jakob‐Hoff et al, ). Several authors have set out methods of disease risk analysis suitable for wild animal translocations (Bobadilla Suarez et al, ; IUCN, ; Leighton, ; Miller, ; Sainsbury & Vaughan‐Higgins, ). Following hazard identification, the framework most often followed in disease risk assessment is release assessment, exposure assessment and a consequence assessment for each hazard (Jakob‐Hoff et al, ; Sainsbury, Armstrong, & Ewen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our qualitative disease risk analysis was carried out using the method devised by Sainsbury and Vaughan‐Higgins () as modified by Bobadilla Suarez et al (), including use of a scenario tree to visually explain the complex analysis, using the method described by Rideout, Sainsbury, and Hudson () to predict the importance of a source hazard, and by carrying out an analysis of uncertainty as recommended by Murray et al (), the first time this combination of methods has been used to assess the risk from disease in a wild animal translocation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks from disease caused byMycobacterium orygisas a consequence of Greater one‐horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) translocation in Nepal

Peters

Sadaula

Masters

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The greater one‐horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Mycobacterium orygis–associated disease was identified in a single greater one‐horned rhino in Chitwan National Park in February 2015 prior to a planned translocation of five greater one‐horned rhinoceros from Chitwan National Park to Bardia National Park for conservation purposes. This paper describes a qualitative disease risk analysis conducted retrospectively post‐translocation for Mycobacterium orygis and this translocation, with the aim to improve the understanding of disease threats to the conservation of greater one‐horned rhino. The disease risk analysis method used was devised by Sainsbury & Vaughan‐Higgins (Conservation Biology, 26, 2017, 442) with modifications by Bobadilla Suarez et al (EcoHealth, 14, 2017, 1) and Rideout et al (EcoHealth, 14, 2017, 42) and included the use of a scenario tree and an analysis of uncertainty as recommended by Murray et al. (Handbook on import risk analysis for animals and animal products. Volume 1. Introduction and qualitative risk analysis, 2004), and the first time this combination of methods has been used to assess the risk from disease in a conservation translocation. The scenario tree and analysis of uncertainty increased the clarity and transparency of the analysis. Rideout et al.’s (EcoHealth, 14, 2017, 42) criteria were used to assess the source hazard and may be useful in comparative assessment of source hazards for future conservation translocations. The likelihood of release into the destination site of Mycobacterium orygis as a source hazard was estimated as of low risk, the risk of exposure of populations at the destination was of high risk and the likelihood of biological and environmental consequences was low. Overall, the risk from disease associated with Mycobacterium orygis as a result of this translocation was found to be low. Recommendations on disease risk management strategies could be improved with a better understanding of the epidemiology including the presence/absence of Mycobacterium orygis in greater one‐horned rhino to develop effective disease risk management strategies.

show abstract

Using Qualitative Disease Risk Analysis for Herpetofauna Conservation Translocations Transgressing Ecological and Geographical Barriers

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Disease Risk Analysis and Post-Release Health Surveillance for a Reintroduction Programme: the Pool FrogPelophylax lessonae

Disease Risk Analysis and Post-Release Health Surveillance for a Reintroduction Programme: the Pool FrogPelophylax lessonae

Investigating the potential use of an ionic liquid (1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) as an anti-fungal treatment against the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Risks from disease caused byMycobacterium orygisas a consequence of Greater one‐horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) translocation in Nepal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About